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汉字危机

王小峰

中国的书写交流进入键盘划时代只有十几年，任何一个初次接触电脑的人通过简单的学习都能迅速掌握文字输入。随着电脑的普及，现在很多人写字总是提笔忘字，尤其是经常使用的汉字往往一下想不起来了，这跟他受过高等教育掌握无数信息和知识的身份有点不符。很多人纷纷惊呼汉字危机来了，拯救汉字刻不容缓。

书写是记忆汉字的最好方式，只有经常书写，才能记住一个字该怎么写。过去用笔书写汉字基本上是音、形、义同时进行，键盘输入就出现问题了，它不是直接写汉字，而是让你在候选的重码中去选择正确的那个字。这就是汉字在键盘输入时代面临的一个问题，换句话说，这就是音素文字和语素文字的最大区别。所有音素文字（英语、德语、法语、西班牙语等）它们只有音和形，而且音形基本统一，打字本身就是书写过程。我们是拼音解决汉字输入问题，而不是在键盘上打笔画。五笔字型不会让你忘记一个汉字怎么写，但是可能会让你忽略它该怎么读；拼音输入可以让你知道一个字怎么读，却让你慢慢忘记它怎么写。在信息时代，中国人开始遇到能说能读能输入但可能不会写的问题了。这也暴露了汉字的自身局限问题。

网络时代屡屡出现新词，人们对“雷”、“囧”这类汉字就赋予新的含义。从每年出现的网络流行语中不难看出，新的词语越来越多，看上去也越来越没文化含量，继而还可能导致汉语的使用环境和美感越来越差。网络语言通过互联网的病毒式传播迅速扩散全球，但死得也非常快。它只是迎合某一类信息某一种情绪在传播的当口被创造出来，并随着这种氛围的消失而慢慢消亡，能留下来的凤毛麟角。

为了提高书写效率，方便学习和交流，开始出现俗字、新字，汉字的数量在不断增加，但却有不断简化的趋势。是否要恢复繁体字的讨论没有太大意义，因为很多汉字究竟怎么写，它的结构组合究竟是什么意思你可能都觉得不重要了。今天80%以上的中国人都会使用汉字、这其中多数人就像街头对话一样也仅仅是用来交流，而不是用来写作或研究。比如你打一个“爨”（ cuan），用简拼敲四下就出来了，你不用去写31画，它比你打一个“装”（zhuang）还少两下，笔画已经不是键盘输入时代最让人疼痛的问题了。那么，汉字是否还要继续简化就不是问题了。

汉字在任何时代都有极强的适应性，不管是刻在龟甲上，还是刻在竹简上，还是写在帛上，或者写在纸上，乃至今天用计算机编码通过显示器显示出来，汉字从来没有因为它的复杂性而被淘汰或异化。而眼前，我们汉字要面临的最大问题是它如何适应全球化进程中的语言交流和传播。汉字在外国人看来是最难学的文字，汉语是最难掌握的语言。

    Whether in your life or work, the following things are not the reasons for you to feel embarrassed. It's OK and just move on.

⒈Mistakes while learning

    There will be times when you have people above you(a boss) or even next to you(a coworker) that will get really annoyed with you for“ruining"  something "important".____ Even if you make mistakes and get a punishment, persevere and push on. You do not need to be embarrassed for learning from your mistakes.

⒉Food choices

    People are different and have different taste buds（味蕾）.Whether it is healthy or not, food is a choice and it is part of life.____  You do not need to be embarrassed for food you do or do not like. Tell them, "It is a personal choice I have made, and I am committed to it.”

⒊Your past

    Allowing positive experiences to define, limit, improve, and outshine（凸显）you may cause you to be caught up in the past and unable to truly live in the present. Whether your history is positive, negative, or somewhere in between, don't hold on to the negative experiences and let it reflect your current behavior，____

⒋The clean lines of your car／home／workspace

    When everyone gets in the car, you realize your Starbuck bags are still on the floor. So what? Think about it this way: everyone has a "messy" aspect of their life. Maybe their home is completely clean, but the relationship with their spouse（配偶）is messy. Someone's car gets washed once a week, but his/her work life could use some help.____ We don't apologize to others about our personal limitations. By being outwardly embarrassed, it only brings more attention to the fact!

⒌Putting yourself first

    If you find yourself saying no to something or making up lies to get out of it,tell them the truth,  and don't apologize. You will feel much better in the long run if you are honest with them and yourself. If you're not up to a voluntary duty, you don't have to be. You can politely refuse the person's request.

    ____ Put yourself first.

A. It is simply a personal choice that people make for their own reasons.

B. It is okay to be selfish from time to time.

C. Errors are bound to happen when you have on your training wheels.

D. Each of them waits for your immediate help.

E. Let bygones(过去的事)  be bygones.

F. Forgetting history means betrayal.

G. No one on Earth lives a perfectly "clean" life in every aspect.