It is reported that in the 2018 Jakarta Asian Games，some athletes are banned from taking part in the games for taking doping. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Controlling Anger

Becoming angry is something beyond the control of people.【小题1】 Becoming angry can do a lot of damage，both mental and physical. However，there are methods for discovering how to control anger and not to suffer later.

·【小题2】 The moment you feel there are chances for you to become angry，get away from those circumstances（环境）.In fact，there can be no better judge than you，for discovering what it is or who it is that makes you become angry，and then at that moment choosing to think about something else that can lighten your feelings.

·Keep a check on your breathing.【小题3】 By controlling the process of breathing，you can actually slow down your anger greatly. You can count till three as you breathe in，hold it for 3 seconds and again count till three while breathing out. You have to concentrate on the count as you do this and repeat this for as many times as required.

·【小题4】 For example, if you’re experiencing road rage while driving，you can choose to tell yourself that the person who overtook you by a vehicle was in a hurry as a result of some emergency and appreciate the fact that nothing major happened to your car. Repeat this form of self-talk to yourself every time you are in the middle of such an angry situation.

·Look for the support of other people.【小题5】 It needs to be clear right at the beginning as to why you are discussing your concerns with that individual. Let the other individual know what you want from him or her. After you’re done with your part of discussing about the circumstances，chances are that you’ll feel much better than before.

   A calorie is a unit of energy, not a measure of weight or nutrient density. The calories you see on nutrition labels，however，are actually kilocalories. The calories on food packaging always refer to kilocalories, even though it just says “calories”. One kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to heat 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Calories in our food all come from one of the three nutrients: fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

In 1990, the U. S. government passed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, which means that before any packaged food in the U. S. hits the shelves, food scientists have to measure its nutrients and calories. One way to do this is using a tool called bomb calorimeter（弹氧热卡计）. This tool directly measures the amount of energy that a food contains. To use this tool, scientists place the food in question in a sealed（密封的）container surrounded by water and heat it until the food is completely burned off. Scientists then record the rise in water temperature to determine the number of calories in the product.

Food scientists also rely on a calculation developed by the 19th-century U. S. chemist Wilbur Olin Atwater to indirectly estimate the number of calories in food products. Calorimeters don’t take into account that humans lose some calories through heat and feces（类便）. Atwater’s experiments found that proteins and carbohydrates each have about 4 calories per gram and fats have 9 calories per gram.

However, some experts say that the Atwater system is outdated and inaccurate. A 2012 study found that the energy content of certain foods, such as nuts, could not be accurately calculated by the Atwater system. Besides, it does not take into account the digestive process, but assumes the complete conversion of nutrients to energy.