The sea is home to billions of plants and animals. Many live only near the sunlit surface. Oceanographers sort marine (海洋的) living beings by dividing them into two main groups: plants and animals.

There are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that grow in the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply float around with water. The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow waters because there is not enough sunlight to maintain photosynthesis (光合作用) in deeper waters. Since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean, most of the ocean is unable to support rooted plants.

The most plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton (浮游植物群落) . These are usually single-celled, small floating plants that float throughout the surface waters of the ocean. To grow, phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight.

Marine animals are divided into three groups: zooplankton, nekton, and benthos. Zooplankton are floating animals and are usually small; however, they can grow to fairly large size. The jellyfish and the Portuguese man-of-war are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to move themselves effectively.

Nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest part of familiar animals found in the ocean belong to this class. Common fishes, octopuses, whales, eels and squid are all examples of nekton.

The third type of sea animals spends their entire life on the bottom of the ocean. This group of marine animals is called benthos. Some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so closely linked with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.

【小题1】What does the text mainly introduce?

A．Marine plants and marine animals.	B．Two types of sea plants.
C．Three kinds of sea animals.	D．Small and big animals in the ocean.

【小题2】Why can’t we find the rooted plants in deep waters of the ocean?

A．Because there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean.

B．Because the rooted plants can’t stand the coldness of the ocean.

C．Because there is not enough sunlight for them in deep waters.

D．Because the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots.

【小题3】One of the characteristics of zooplankton is that __________ .

A．they are small and never grow to large size

B．some of the zooplankton can’t swim quickly

C．they can swim freely in deep waters of the ocean

D．they need more sunlight than other animals in the ocean

【小题4】According to the last paragraph, we can conclude that __________ .

A．benthos live on the surface of the ocean water

B．some of the benthos can’t live without the ocean floor

C．benthos spend most of their time swimming in the ocean

D．benthos can move about in the middle of the sea water

   You probably have a first-aid kit at home for your family—but what about your family pets？You need to be ready if your furry friend faces an emergency at home. What's more，as the weather gets warmer，more pet owners take their pets with them when they leave the house—on vacation，to the park，jogging，hiking and even swimming. That can be fun for you and your pet，but there's a chance that your pet will get hurt there，as well. So，it's important to know some of the basics of first aid for your pet if necessary.

If your pet is exposed to long periods of heat and sunlight，she will be easy to get heat exhaustion（衰竭）or heatstroke. Signs of heat exhaustion are breathless，anxiousness，dry gums and red skin most easily seen on the ears.

If either of these occurs，cool the pet right away and，as always，get her to the vet（兽医）.Put the animal in a shaded or air-conditioned area，and wet the body with cool water. Rubbing isopropyl alcohol（异丙醇）on the belly and fanning the area will help drive away the heat. If a pet is suffering from heatstroke，don't try to give her water. Get her to the vet immediately.

If you see an animal that's been hit by a car，or you hit one accidentally，first be cautious of all oncoming traffic before trying to reach the animal. Approach carefully. Even a severely injured animal can bite you.

As someone helps with directing traffic, cover the animal with a blanket or towel. If the animal cannot stand on her own, there's a good chance that there are neck, back or head injuries, so try to gently transfer the animal to a flat surface. Then transport that flat surface to the nearest vet. Picking up or hand-carrying the animal may worsen the injuries.

【小题1】What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．It is dangerous to keep pets outside.

B．It is necessary to prepare for pets' first aid.

C．It is fun to bring pets while you go out.

D．It is possible for pets to run away from home.

【小题2】If a pet suffers from heatstroke, what should you do?

A．Wet her body with cold water.

B．Make her drink some alcohol.

C．Bring her to the vet at once.

D．Freeze her in an air-conditioned area.

【小题3】How can you help an animal injured in an accident?

A．By running to help her immediately.

B．By carrying her in your hands to the vet.

C．By picking her up in a gentle way.

D．By sending her to the vet on a flat surface.

【小题4】The underlined word "transfer" in the last paragraph may mean" ________ ".

A．move	B．trap
C．feed	D．drive

阅读P18教材课文，用合适的单词(不超过三个)填入下列表格

Yeti，Bigfoot and the Wild Man of Shennongjia
What they are called	Where they are seen	What they ____3____	What they Why they look the same
Yeti	In the Himalayas	large，____4____ animal that walks on two feet like a ____5____； moving with amazing ____6____ and ___7___； large tracks more than 33 centimetres ____8____	linked to a common ___9___，an animal that lived in ___10___ some 300,000 years ago
Bigfoot	____1____ of the north­west of the USA
Wild Man in Shennongjia	In ___2___Hubei Province，China

 
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________
6. __________
7. __________
8. __________
9. __________
10. __________

Dinosaurs ruled the planet for millions of years, and they are generally believed to have gone extinct.But the reality is that modern versions of dinosaurs are all around us. Scientists have been exploring similarities between birds and dinosaurs; and new research shows that these two types of animals are directly linked.
The connections between birds and dinosaurs are explored in a new museum exhibit called Dinosaurs Among Us at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
According to Mark Norell, the director of the exhibit and an expert at the museum, it is based on new scientific evidence collected over the last two decades. "I think this is really going to shake up the way people think of dinosaurs “ Norell told reporters.” One could argue that we still live in the age of dinosaurs."
The exhibit includes ancient fossils and lifelike models of dinosaurs of all sizes to show the evolution of dinosaurs into birds. It examines several properties that are shared between the two species, including feathers, complex brains, the shapes. And sizes of eggs, and the ability to fly. Birds today make nests, lay eggs and tend to babies.    Fossil research shows that some dinosaurs also made nests and laid eggs. Also，birds have hollow（中空的）bones, which don’t weigh much and allow birds to take more air into their lungs. These adaptations help with flight. Some dinosaurs had these properties as well. In addition, the exhibit shows that there are many similarities between the legs, claws; and feet of dinosaurs and birds.
Norell noted that the research behind this exhibit is the result of advanced scientific, techniques; and new technologies. For example researchers used a scanning (扫描) process called computed tomography (CT) to look inside the brains of extinct dinosaurs. It combines with many X-rays to produce a 3D image. "Modern technology tells us more than we thought
we could ever know about the connections between dinosaurs and birds," Norell said.
【小题1】What' s the main idea of this text?

A．Experts .have discovered many dinosaurs' fossils.

B．A new museum has opened for visitors to New York City.

C．Research has been done on the lifestyles of birds and dinosaurs.

D．An exhibit shows the connections between birds and dinosaurs.

【小题2】What does the underlined word “properties” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Advantages.	B．Characters.
C．Changes.	D．Activities.

【小题3】One of the similarities that dinosaurs and birds share lies in________

A．their lungs	B．their light bones
C．the shapes of their nests	D．the number of their eggs

【小题4】What did Mark Norell try to show by mentioning CT?

A．The importance of the research.

B．What connects dinosaurs and birds.

C．The application of modern technology.

D．How dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.

   Many years ago in a zoo，I was shocked by finding that chimpanzees could behave in a more civil manner than youths. Great apes（类人猿）are always one of the favourite attractions in any zoo. The main reason for this is that they are so similar to us.

This similarity has persuaded a group called the Great Ape Project（GAP）to campaign for these animals to be afforded“human rights”.

This has resulted in laws in New Zealand，which could mean that great apes would become the first animals in the world with basic rights protected by the law.

Not everybody is happy with this idea，however. Scientists using animals for scientific research fear that this is just the first stage in a process that will lead to a ban on using all animals for research.

The GAP declaration claims great apes should have“human rights”due to scientific evidence about their abilities. But if we compare the abilities of humans and great apes，then why not the abilities of great apes and monkeys，monkeys and lemurs，and so on until insects are granted“human rights”？This is not foolish. There are people without basic human rights. How long ago，for example，did women not have the right to vote？

Yet another argument by those who don't support GAP is that the human-like qualities of great apes have been exaggerated（夸大）for certain reasons，and that this has led people to exaggerate the similarities but ignore the differences between humans and great apes.

In a fascinating book entitled What It Means to be 98% Chimpanzee，Jonathan M. Marks points out that，although a human and a daffodil（水仙花）share the common ancestry and their DNA matches more than 25% of the time，it is plainly ridiculous to claim that we are one-quarter daffodils.

He goes on to demonstrate that，if looked at from one angle，it is true that we are apes phylogenetically. But also fish from another angle！“It doesn't sound quite so profound now，does it？”

【小题1】What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about？

A．The experience was unforgettable.

B．Chimpanzees are similar to humans.

C．Chimpanzees are very popular in the zoo.

D．Animals could behave better than humans.

【小题2】Which of the following would the Great Ape Project most probably agree with?

A．Animals should be free from any scientific research.

B．New Zealand should do more to protect the rights of great apes.

C．The differences between humans and great apes have been ignored.

D．Great apes have adequate characteristics to be included as our equals.

【小题3】How does the author develop his idea mainly in Paragraph 5?

A．By reasoning.

B．By giving examples.

C．By making comparisons.

D．By providing scientific evidence.

【小题4】What point does Jonathan M. Marks try to make in his book?

A．Humans are more than one-quarter daffodils.

B．Great apes and fish are phylogenetically similar from another angle.

C．Humans are as similar to fish as they are to great apes.

D．Being 98% genetically identical matters less than thought.