Storing food is common in members of the crow family. A new study tested the birds outside for this naturally occurring behavior, which may have evolved（进化）specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could use it to find their food after a gap of 17 hours — something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.

In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token（礼品券）from a number of items so that they could then exchange it for food. Again, the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning, which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example, we know that chimpanzees select, transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.

These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future — but they leave an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage, or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former, as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviour.

But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some recognitive（认知的）abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead, it suggests that animals can apply these behaviour flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to study how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.

【小题1】What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?

A．They can store food.	B．They can use tools to recover food.
C．They can store and recover tools.	D．They can select and store food.

【小题2】What are crows trained by researchers to do when given a token?

A．Reject it casually.	B．Exchange it for food.
C．Save it as their food.	D．Build a nest with it.

【小题3】What can we infer about the studies that animals can plan for the future?

A．They are debatable.	B．They are disappointing.
C．They are logical.	D．They are convincing.

【小题4】What can be learned about flexible behaviour in animals?

A．It develops only with age.	B．It is unclear how it evolved.
C．No animals but crows benefit from it.	D．It helps plan for the future.

根据汉语或首字母提示填空
【小题1】The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the ________(全部课程).
【小题2】The heat and the red wine made her feel _______(头晕目眩的).
【小题3】In the last few metres of the race, she suddenly _______(快速移动) ahead and became the first one to arrive at the finishing line.
【小题4】_______(平行的) lines will never meet no matter how far they are extended.
【小题5】"You haven't got a temperature," she said, touching the boy's _______(前额).
【小题6】His remark, which was unbelievable,was c_____ to the truth.
【小题7】After a f______ battle, the enemies were forced to retreat.
【小题8】What a pity! Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to d______ her enthusiastic fans.
【小题9】There is no doubt that Oxford and Cambridge universities are internationally respected i______.
【小题10】When he came in the room, he picked up a b______ and began to sweep the floor.

   I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

【小题1】What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?

A．Efforts made in vain.

B．Getting injured in his work.

C．Feeling uncertain about his future.

D．Creatures forced out of their homes.

【小题2】Why was the author called to Muttontown?

A．To rescue a woman.

B．To take care of a woman.

C．To look at a baby owl.

D．To cure a young owl.

【小题3】What made the chick calm down?

A．A new nest.

B．Some food.

C．A recording.

D．Its parents.

【小题4】How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?

A．It’s unexpected.

B．It’s beautiful.

C．It’s humorous.

D．It’s discouraging.

   On a cool morning, Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southern Kenya. His calmness makes it easy to forget that he’s tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world. Kasaine is tracking lions—especially one lion called Marti, who is the real-life Lion King of Selenkay Conservancy.

Tracking lions on foot may sound like a death wish, but Kasaine has been doing it for most of his life. Born into a traditional Maasai family he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of wildlife. Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going. During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school, he learned how to tell the paw prints (爪印) of a lion from those of other animals.

Growing up, Kasaine knew that improving his tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals. For many Maasai, tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection. But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them. He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path, searching for the lion that has left upon it his prints.

Each year, thousands of tourists crowd Kenya’s national parks to try to have a look at the＂big five＂; elephants, rhinoceros, leopards, buffaloes and lions. The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife. If Kenya’s wildlife disappears, so does its second-largest source of income.

Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land exclusively(专门地)for animals. But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas. They are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle. But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection.

【小题1】How did Kasaine track lions?

A．By working together with tourists.

B．By running after them all the time.

C．By going to school every day.

D．By studying their paw prints.

【小题2】What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A．Maasai people are born animal lovers.

B．Tourism is a big threat to Kenya’s wildlife.

C．Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection.

D．Small animals are not included in their protection policy.

【小题3】What does the underlined word ＂it＂in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Kenya’s economic development.

B．People’s leaving their original homes.

C．Kenya’s second-largest income source.

D．Kenyan people’s traditional Maasai lifestyle.

【小题4】What is the best title for the text?

A．Wildlife protection in Kenya

B．Meeting a dangerous animal

C．Wilson Kasaine’s wise choice

D．Learning to live with lions

用所给的表示情感的词的适当形式填空
【小题1】The children were filled with _______ （excite）at the thought of visiting Disneyland.
【小题2】When she heard the story，her eyes shone with _______ （happy）.
【小题3】The boy opened the box just to satisfy his _______ （curious）.
【小题4】We were terribly _______ （sadness）to hear that you would be leaving.
【小题5】The little girl was really _______ （frighten）of walking home alone in the dark.
【小题6】The president is deeply _______ （concern）about this issue（争论的问题）.
【小题7】He was filled with _______ （angry）at the way the boy treated the blind man.
【小题8】After finishing the last word of the essay，he sighed with _______ （content）.
【小题9】He was wrong，and he was _______ （courage）enough to admit it.
【小题10】Mrs. Jones is a_______ （pleasure）person，who always wears a smile on her face.