Residents in the poorest counties in the U. S. face a life expectancy（预期寿命）up

题干

Residents in the poorest counties in the U. S. face a life expectancy（预期寿命）up to a decade shorter than their counterparts in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.

Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with health outcomes. To find it out they divided the country's 3,141 counties into 50 new states based on household income.

The researchers broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some impact of socioeconomic differences on both the wealthiest and poorest counties. They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest states to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79. 3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69. 8 years in the poorest. For women,the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.

The researchers caution that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows policymakers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives（计划）but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of finding the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,”the researchers wrote.

【小题1】How did researchers divide the counties?

A．By socioeconomic status.	B．By income.
C．By health.	D．By living places.

【小题2】What can we learn according to Paragraph 3 ?

A．The women difference is less than the man in the life expectancy.

B．The wealthiest states like hiding their wealth.

C．Most health data is unbelievable.

D．The people in most poorest states smoke and drink a lot.

【小题3】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．The researchers think their study is perfect.

B．People still don't know the cause of the life expectancy.

C．The government should learn something from the study.

D．The American resources allocation is not fair at all.

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同类题2

Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day，and you influence each other’s choices and behavior. This is often ______ —it’s human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.

Sometimes，though，the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you’re uncomfortable with，such as shoplifting，doing drugs or drinking，or taking dangerous risks when you are driving a car.

The pressure to conform（随潮流）can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless—or something that has more serious consequences. People may feel pressure to conform，so they fit in or are accepted，and they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation，they naturally look to others for cues（暗示）about what is and isn’t acceptable.

The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may go along，too—so it can be easy to think，“It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they’re doing.”Before you know it，many people are going along with the crowd—perhaps on something they might not otherwise do.

Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature—but some people are more likely to give in，and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.

It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do，it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way—often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.

【小题1】Which is most likely to be filled in the blank in Paragraph 1?