题干

   The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announces new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.

WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure(暴露)to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cookstoves. WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early death from strokes, heart and lung disease. The main victims(受害者)are women and girls in developing countries, where they usually stay at home and do the household work.

Carlos Dora, an official of the WHO, says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.

Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cookstoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.

WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction cooker(电磁炉)for about $ 8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1.00. But, this, the WHO says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating equipment.

【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “the problem” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Indoor air pollution.B.Cooking habits.
C.Poor cookstoves.D.Use of natural gas.
【小题2】Why are women and girls in developing countries the main victims of the indoor pollution?
A.They are very weak.
B.They are more sensitive to the indoor pollution.
C.They are exposed to the indoor pollution more.
D.They seldom do exercise outdoors.
【小题3】Which of the following is a good way to avoid indoor air pollution?
A.To open a window while cooking.
B.To use unprocessed coal indoors.
C.To promote the cleaner and modern cooking equipment.
D.To popularize the traditional cookstoves at home.
【小题4】What is the best title of the text?
A.How to prevent pollution
B.How to protect women and girls
C.Indoor pollution kills millions each year
D.The importance of health in developing countries
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同类题2

   In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times taster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production, distribution,and use of products-as well as management of the resulting waste-all result in greenhouse gas release." Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start-for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?

From the governments' point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

【小题1】By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .
A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
B.natural minerals contain more precious metals
C.E-waste deserves to be made good use of
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
【小题2】The responsibility of c-waste treatment should be extended .
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
【小题3】What docs the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste.
C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.