After a year of studies, an elementary school in New York decided that math worksheets and essay assignments（作业）were actually a waste of time. In February, head teacher Jane Hsu sent a letter to parents _____ that the prekindergarten through fifth-grade students would not be given any traditional homework to _____ kids to spend more free time reading, playing outside or doing activities they enjoy.

Some parents,_____ , disagree with the policy change, thinking that a lack of homework will cause children’s academic（学术的）performance to _____ Homework has been a part of _____ from the beginning, and has increased in _____ in recent years.

Hsu’s advice that children should read and spend time with their families has _____ some parents who even consider _____ their children out of the school. This group feels that homework assignments give their children a(n) _____ to work toward.

Others feel so ______ about the importance of homework that they have begun ______ their own homework assignments to their children.

An Australian Childhood Foundation’s ______ found that 71% of Australian parents feel they do not spend ______ time with their children mainly because of running the household or helping with homework. Education experts in Australia are saying that parents should ______ helping. Doing so will give kids more ______, will give parents more free time and will help ______ the number of arguments in the family caused by homework.

Some research suggests that homework has ______ academic benefit for elementary students, while other research shows homework can help kids ______ independence and confidence. When parents try to help their children with homework, the ______ can take away that feeling and can also make the busy working parents more ______.

   Cellphones, tablets, and computers are keeping children and teenagers awake at night-even when they' re not in use, according to new research. A study published on Monday in JAMA Pediatrics says that media devices are causing kids to sleep less and reducing the quality of sleep that they get. This leads to trouble of staying awake the next day.

Researchers analyzed hundreds of studies of children and teens aged 6-19. The scientists found a strong and consistent association between the use of technology at bedtime and poor sleeping. The reason is not just that kids are staying up too late with their devices. Using a computer can overstimulate the mind and emotions, the researchers say. A smartphone or tablet also gives off a light that affects the body's natural timing. These factors contribute to poor quality sleep. And many kids could be at risk. According to the study,72% of all children and 89% of adolescents have at least one device in their sleep environment. Most of these devices are used near bedtime.

"The harmful association between screen-based devices and kids' sleep is a major public health concern," the study concludes. In their conclusion, the researchers urge parents to understand the damaging influence of device use before sleep.

Advertisements are forcing their way into people’s lives. People 【小题1】 advertisements in their daily life because they are consumers. The advertisers are usually manufacturers, retailers and salesmen. Their products need to be 【小题2】 to bring themselves to the 【小题3】 of the customers. Thus nearly every product is advertised 【小题4】 To a large extent, good advertising leads to success 【小题5】 bad advertising means 【小题6】.

There are many ways to advertise and ads come in 【小题7】 forms. Newspapers carry advertisements. Some products are publicized (宣传) on TV and radio 【小题8】 bring them into the notice of a wide audience. Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now. 【小题9】 , advertising is not always truthful, so millions of people who have bought advertised products feel 【小题10】 with them.

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

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   Common Sense Media，a group that helps children，parents and teachers better understand media and technology，did a study. It paid attention to all kinds of media-related activities，from old methods like reading and listening to the radio，to new favorites like using social media and video chatting. More than 2，600 kids were surveyed. Here are some truths and myths（错误观念）the study found：

Truth 1：Some teens spend too much time looking at screens.

One in five teens spends more than six hours on screens each day，and 18%of teens are looking at their screens for more than 10 hours a day. Often they watch television on one while chatting with friends on another.

Myth 1：This is the end of reading.

The average（平均的）time young people spend reading，either in print or on a screen，is only 30 minutes a day. However，kids who received the survey say reading is one of their favorite activities.

Truth 2：Boys prefer video games while girls prefer social media.

Among teen boys，71% enjoy playing video games，twice as many as teen girls. And while more than 25%of teen boys list playing video games as their favorite media activity，only 2%of teen girls do.

What's more，teen girls spend about 40 minutes more each day on social media than boys do.

Myth 2：TV and music have been muscled out（强行逐出）.

For teens，TV is still the top media activity. They enjoy it most and watch it every day. In fact，47%of teens have TV sets in their bedrooms. For teens，while 57%have TV sets in their rooms，music is the main form of amusement. However，only about a third listen to music on the radio. Most teens listen to it on their smartphones.

Note: You are a teen if you are between 13 and 19 years old，while a tween is a child between the ages of 10 and 12.