Need inspiration？Happy background music can help people get the creative juice flowing.

Simone Ritter, at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands, and Sam Ferguson at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, have been studying the effect of silence and different types of music on how we think.

They divided 155 volunteers into five groups. Four of these were each given a type of music to listen to while taking a series of tests, while the fifth group did the tests in silence. The tests were produced to judge two types of thinking: divergent thinking, which refers to the process of creating new ideas, and convergent thinking, which is how we find the best solution to a problem. Ritter and Ferguson found that people were more creative when listening to music they thought was positive, coming up with more special ideas than the people who worked in silence.

"We also performed other types of music that were sad, anxious and calm, and didn't see this effect, " says Ferguson. "It seems that the type of music present is important, rather than just any music." In addition, no type of music helped convergent thinking, suggesting that it's better to solve problems in silence.

Ritter and Ferguson write that their finding could be used to improve creative thinking in places like educational institutions or laboratories, but Irma at the University of Helsinki in Finland, says happy music may help creativity by setting off the release of dopamine, a brain chemical involved in pleasure and relief." Dopamine also increases creative thinking and goal-directed working, "says Irma. And she also thinks happy music may not help convergent thinking because this kind of thinking relies more on logic and less on creativity.

   When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not ________ Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an _______ priority (最重要的事). This view is shortsighted._______ , music education is _______ and important to all students.

Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of human beings who _______ it, it reflects their thinking and values,_______ the social environment it came from. Rock music shows a _______ just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their _______ is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and _______ . It gives us identity as a society.

Music provides a kind of emotive perception (感知) that can ________ be shown in any other way. Science can just explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts,________ , explore emotive meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and ________ to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.

In exploration of the world, the arts are as ________ as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the ________ of civilization through which we ________ our fears, our curiosity, our hunger, our discoveries and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be ________ with others. When we do not give children access (机会) to an important way of expressing themselves such as music,________ , they miss an effective way to express themselves.

Science and technology do not tell us what it ________ to be human. The arts do. Through music, we express and ________ human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.

So music education is far more necessary than people to ________.

   At the moment, when looking round the world, we can find all kinds of dance performances are being offered. There are many competitions, and the dancers might be quite confused (困惑的) Which is of high standard and good quality, and which is not worth going to? First of all it has clearly got to be distinguished (区分) between the different styles of dance and the purposes of such competitions. When a person wants to learn classical ballet, he or she would never dream of going to a ballroom teacher. Such a teacher might even have been a world champion in his ballroom dancing, but he would definitely not be experienced in teaching proper classical ballet.

People in Britain and the USA are taking more interest in modern dance. Dance classes of all kinds are popular; a large number of audiences go to watch modern dance companies. And perhaps the most popular modern dance company in Britain is the Ballet Rambert.

The Ballet Rambert is Britain’s oldest dance company which began in 1926. In the 1960s the company lacked the money to go on staging big productions. The directors wanted to encourage new talent and to keep up their high standards. A change of direction was necessary. They decided to give the ballet a “new look” in 1966. The purpose was to provide a chance for new talent and to show dance as a contemporary art form. And although some of the company’s previous fans disliked the change, new audiences came to see the productions.

The modern dance pieces and modern music found unexpected popularity. In the 21st century the Ballet Rambert was a great success in London’s West End. The company became a focus for new, progressive talent in the art.

The Ballet Rambert has managed to make modern dance popular while creating original productions. It can claim to be the oldest dance company in Britain and at the same time one of the most modern!