题干

   John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin, has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry-jointly with M. Stanley Whittingham, a chemistry professor from the State University of New York and Japan’s Akira Yoshino, a professor of Meijo University-for the development of lithium-ion batteries (锂电池). According to the Nobel Committee, the three scientists “have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind”.

Goodenough, born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries containing Goodenough’s innovations are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.

Goodenough received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Yale University and a doctorate in physics from the university of Chicago. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told the doctoral student in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.

He began his career in 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物).That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery. Goodenough joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.

At 97 years old, he still continues to push the boundaries of materials science. Despite the lithium-ion battery being well developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can’t be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.

“I hope Ut-Austin still keeps me employed,” Goodenough once joked.

【小题1】The underlined phrase “beat the odds” in Paragraph 3 means “  “.
A.become very famousB.face the challenges
C.win the competitionD.overcome the difficulties
【小题2】What can we infer from the passage?
A.In MIT, Goodenough made the important discovery leading to the development of the Lithium-ion battery.
B.When he studied for his doctorate in university, not all his teachers encouraged him to be successful.
C.According to the Nobel Committee, Goodenough made the greatest contributions in the discovery.
D.Because of his old age, Goodenough found it difficult to improve the limitations of the lithium-ion battery.
【小题3】What is the best title for the text?
A.The Father of the Lithium-ion Batteries.B.Three Scientists are Awarded the Nobel Prize.
C.Make the World “Good enough”.D.It’s Never too Old to Learn.
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同类题1

   William Butler Yeats was born in Sandy mount,County Dublin,Ireland on June 13th,1865.His father John was a law student who later pursued art,and young William and his siblings moved back and forth between Dublin and London during much of their _________.

Most of their holidays were _________with their mother's family in Sligo,a region whose landscape,culture and folklore(民俗)_________ his own works.

While his family belonged to the main Protestant minority which _________ themselves with the British,Yeats firmly _________ himself Irish. Indeed many of his poems and plays reflect Irish legends and castles. In 1885,Yeats started _________ poems as a young man of 20.Many of his early works were later published as The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems.

He became _________ in politics,which resulted in his becoming an Irish senator(参议员)in 1922 when the Irish Free State was formed. He _________ for 6 years but continued to _________ well into his seventies.

Later in London,he also co-founded the Rhymer's Club for __________ to share their verses,with his own __________becoming popular with other poets.In1899,as Yeats began writing dramas,he established the Irish Literary Theatre __________ other like-minded people to stage Irish plays. His __________ were influenced by the Japanese Noh style of writing,a type of traditional Japanese theatre which tended to be musical rather than __________ on prose.

Yeats became __________ when he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923,becoming one of the first Irish laureates(桂冠诗人).His book The Tower was set in his own __________,which he had bought and restored. __________,many of his best works were written when he was well past 50,and they continue to be __________ today.

In 1939,Yeats died in France on a trip there. He was __________ at Roquebrune,but according to his __________,his remains were later taken to Sligo and buried at Drumcliff in 1948.

【小题1】
A.childhoodB.lifeC.holidayD.education
【小题2】
A.wastedB.spentC.sharedD.scheduled
【小题3】
A.attractedB.explainedC.basedD.influenced
【小题4】
A.associatedB.providedC.relatedD.mixed
【小题5】
A.devotedB.treatedC.consideredD.wished
【小题6】
A.composingB.readingC.appreciatingD.analyzing
【小题7】
A.sensitiveB.independentC.activeD.mild
【小题8】
A.preparedB.servedC.waitedD.applied
【小题9】
A.performB.learnC.teachD.write
【小题10】
A.singersB.politiciansC.poetsD.musicians
【小题11】
A.commentsB.contributionsC.thoughtsD.conclusions
【小题12】
A.forB.ofC.aboutD.with
【小题13】
A.playsB.storiesC.novelsD.songs
【小题14】
A.focusB.callC.dependD.keep
【小题15】
A.wealthyB.vainC.famousD.accessible
【小题16】
A.churchB.castleC.palaceD.square
【小题17】
A.UnusuallyB.FortunatelyC.HopefullyD.Eventually
【小题18】
A.disturbingB.humorousC.popularD.breathless
【小题19】
A.burnedB.buriedC.locatedD.honored
【小题20】
A.expectationB.promiseC.determinationD.will

同类题2

   Ludwig van Beethoven is the most famous classical composer of the Western world. He is known for his powerful music and for continuing to compose after he became deaf.

Born to a musical family in the small German city of Bonn in December 1770, Beethoven was an excellent pianist and violinist as a boy. He soon became the first important composer to earn a successful living without working for the church or court. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the late 1790s and by 1819 he was totally deaf. When he heard nothing, in order to hear the notes (音符), he cut the legs off the piano so that he could feel the vibrations (震动)as he played.

Beethoven enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside. The villagers respected him a lot and would not bother him when they passed him. He was a strange man with his untidy clothes, wild hair and a bad temper.

For his last 15 years Beethoven was regarded as the world’s best composer. The four-note beginning to his Fifth Symphony is one of the most famous moments in all of music. The notes were described as “Fate knocking at the door”. He wrote the popular Moonlight Sonata in 1801.

Beethoven never married. After his death in March 1827, his friends found his letters to a lover, but they never found out who she was.

Besides lots of concerts and broadcasts, over 200 films use Beethoven’s music. Although he died many years ago, Beethoven is still influencing the music world.

【小题1】Most of Beethoven’s works are of___________.
A.light musicB.powerful music
C.sad musicD.violin music
【小题2】According to the passage, what can we know about Beethoven?
A.He was totally deaf at the age of 28.
B.He didn’t like working for the church or court.
C.His family had some effect on him in music.
D.Many of Beethoven’s works were composed for a girl.
【小题3】Why did many people think of Beethoven as a strange man?
A.Because he continued to compose after his deafness.
B.Because he never married all his life.
C.Because he enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside.
D.Because he didn’t care for his appearance and had a bad temper.
【小题4】What’s the best title of the passage?
A.Beethoven, the world’s best composer
B.Beethoven, a very strange composer
C.Beethoven, a struggling composer
D.Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer

同类题3

About 70 scientists were working on a very busy project. All of them felt really desperate due to the pressure of work and the demands of their boss but everyone was loyal to him and did not think of quitting their job.
One day, one scientist came to his boss and told him, “Sir, I’ve promised to take my children to the exhibition going on in our township so I want to leave at 5:30 p. m.” His boss replied, “OK. You’re permitted to leave the office early today.”
The scientist started working. He continued his work after lunch. As usual, he got involved to such an extent that he looked at his watch only when he felt he was close to completion. The time was 8:30 p. m. suddenly he remembered his promise to the children. He looked for his boss but he was not there. Having told him in the morning himself, he closed everything and left for home. Deep within himself, he was feeling guilty for having disappointed his children. He reached home. The children were not there. His wife alone was sitting in the hall and reading magazines. The situation was explosive; any talk would boomerang on him. His wife asked him, “Would you like to have coffee or shall I straight away serve dinner if you are hungry?” The man replied, “If you would like to have coffee, I too will have but what about the children?” His wife replied, “You don’t know? Your boss came here at 5:15 p. m. and has taken them to the exhibition.”
What had really happened was the boss who gave him permission was observing him working seriously at 5:00 p. m. He thought to himself: this person will not leave the work, but he’s promised to take his children to the exhibition. So he took the lead in taking them there. The boss does not have to do it every time. But once it’s done, loyalty is established.
That is why all the scientists at Thumba continued to work under their boss even though the stress was extraordinarily huge. By the way, can you boldly guess who the boss was? He was none other than the mastermind behind India’s successful nuclear weapons program, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, former president of India.
【小题1】The scientist asked for an early leave because ________.
A.he felt increasingly desperate about his work
B.he’d promised to take his kids to a show
C.the task at hand was close to completion
D.he meant to accompany his wife at dinner
【小题2】The underlined sentence implies that the scientist thought his wife was ________.
A.ready to serve dinner for himB.dissatisfied with his coming home late
C.grateful to his kind- hearted bossD.delighted to see him back home
【小题3】The boss took children to the exhibition ________.
A.when it was too late for the scientist to do so
B.when the man’s wife asked him to do so
C.because the scientist was absorbed in his work
D.because he also wanted to see what was on show
【小题4】All the scientists stayed loyal to their boss ________.
A.because he had power over them
B.to learn how to live under pressure
C.out of gratefulness for his thoughtfulness
D.every time he took the children to the show

同类题4

Heroes of Our Time

A good heart

Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship to study medicine-but coach John Thompson got a look at Dikem be and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen(公民)of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo.

Success and kindness

After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children's videos in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $ 20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others—producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program, "I believe it's the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe. "

Bravery and courage

A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he's not a hero. He says, "We have got to show each other some love. "

【小题1】What was Mutombo praised for?
A. Being a star in the NBA.
A.Being a student of medicine.
B.His work in the church.
C.His willingness to help the needy.
【小题2】What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning?
A.It produced safety equipment for children.
B.It made videos to protect children.
C.It sold children's music and artworks.
D.It looked for missing and exploited children.
【小题3】Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero?
A.He helped a man get across the rails.
B.He stopped a man from destroying the rails.
C.He protected two little girls from getting hurt.
D.He saved a man's life without consideration.

同类题5

Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?

Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.
Charles Darwin didn’t settle for(满足于)just thinking he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn’t be worth anything.
But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.
Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.
【小题1】The passage tells us that Charles Darwin    .
A.was a great English scientist
B.always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult
C.thought even the simplest thing was important
D.didn’t get well with others
【小题2】The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means    .
A.throw awayB.store up
C.put to useD.realize
【小题3】The author of the passage tries to    .
A.convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world
B.draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things
C.prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed
D.draw our attention to everyday happenings around us
【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Darwin really did foolish experiments.
B.According to some people Darwin did foolish experiments.
C.It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.
D.Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.