题干
John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin, has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry-jointly with M. Stanley Whittingham, a chemistry professor from the State University of New York and Japan’s Akira Yoshino, a professor of Meijo University-for the development of lithium-ion batteries (锂电池). According to the Nobel Committee, the three scientists “have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind”.
Goodenough, born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries containing Goodenough’s innovations are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.
Goodenough received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Yale University and a doctorate in physics from the university of Chicago. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told the doctoral student in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.
He began his career in 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物).That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery. Goodenough joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.
At 97 years old, he still continues to push the boundaries of materials science. Despite the lithium-ion battery being well developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can’t be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.
“I hope Ut-Austin still keeps me employed,” Goodenough once joked.
【小题1】The underlined phrase “beat the odds” in Paragraph 3 means “ “.| A．become very famous | B．face the challenges |
| C．win the competition | D．overcome the difficulties |
| A．In MIT, Goodenough made the important discovery leading to the development of the Lithium-ion battery. |
| B．When he studied for his doctorate in university, not all his teachers encouraged him to be successful. |
| C．According to the Nobel Committee, Goodenough made the greatest contributions in the discovery. |
| D．Because of his old age, Goodenough found it difficult to improve the limitations of the lithium-ion battery. |
| A．The Father of the Lithium-ion Batteries. | B．Three Scientists are Awarded the Nobel Prize. |
| C．Make the World “Good enough”. | D．It’s Never too Old to Learn. |
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