2014年初中毕业升学考试(山东滨州卷)历史

适用年级:初三
试卷号:651539

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2014/8/27

1.综合题(共2题)

1.
近现代以来,先进的中国人为实现中华民族的伟大复兴,进行了一系列的探索。阅读材料,回答问题。
材料一在唤醒中华民族萌发出中国梦的过程中……他们曾经学习西方列强的船坚炮利……他们曾经寄希望于封建君主的“维新新政”……他们曾经渴望通过资产阶级民主革命推翻封建帝制,以创建像西方那样的民主共和国……
——《百年追梦与民族自强》
(1)从材料一中,可看出先进的中国人为实现中华民族复兴,进行了哪些探索活动?(3分)
材料二 中国共产党领导中国人民取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利。

(2)图一反映的是哪一历史事件?结合图二材料,举出1940年在敌后战场发生的一次著名战役。图三所示的时间,有什么标志性意义?(3分)
新中国成立后,中国共产党领导确立了社会主义制度,并积极探索社会主义建设道路。
(3)社会主义制度在我国基本确立的标志是什么?与此同时,农村生产关系发生了什么根本性变化?(2分)
(4)社会主义建设进入改革开放新时期的标志是什么?在农村实行什么改革政策?(3分)
(5)依据上述材料,结合所学知识,谈谈你对中华民族复兴历程的认识。(2分)
2.
随着人类联系的加强,侵略与抗争、冲突与合作成为世界各国之间关系的常态。

材料一

 
(1)图一所示事件史称:有人说,1500年前后开始了真正意义上的世界史,请你说明理由。
(2)在图一所示事件后,殖民扩张开始,反抗殖民侵略的斗争此起彼伏。说出图二、图三两位人物领导的民族独立斗争的名称?

近代中国的外交,充分体现了“弱国无外交”。

(3)《凡尔赛和约》对德国的海外殖民地做出了怎样的规定?它是怎样损害中国利益的?中国作出了怎样的反应?《九国公约》对中国产生了什么影响?

材料二 战时,要保持团结并不太难,因为有一个打败共同敌人的共同目标,这一点谁都清楚。艰难的工作在战后,那时,各种不同的利害关系往往会使同盟分裂。

——斯大林1945年2月于雅尔塔

(4)依据材料二和所学知识,指出第二次世界大战前后世界格局发生的变化?
(5)当今世界格局呈现出多极化发展趋势,你认为中国应怎样积极应对?

2.选择题(共29题)

3.一个放射性原子核发生一次β衰变,则它的(  )
4.
“迟至1863年,中国的皇帝致函林肯,告知中国致力于保持与美国的友好关系……发此函时,中国已经输掉了与西方列强的两场战争……。”这“两场战争”是
①鸦片战争 ②第二次鸦片战争
③甲午中日战争 ④八国联军侵华战争
A.①②B.①③
C.②③D.⑧④
5.
在禁烟运动中,林则徐主张对外商“正常贸易者,加以优待,倘有带烟发觉,立正刑诛。”材料表明林则徐
①支持正常贸易   ②反对鸦片走私    ③反对开放口岸 ④维护民族利益
A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④
6.
表格式归纳是历史学习的重要方法之一,下表关于新文化运动的内容错误的是一项是
A.阵地B.旗帜
C.代表人物D.影响
7.一块氡222放在天平的左盘时,需要天平的右盘加444g砝码,天平才能处于平衡,氡222发生α衰变,经过一个半衰期以后,欲使天平再次平衡,应从右盘中取出的砝码为(  )
8.
大革命失败后,中国共产党经过艰苦探索,逐步走出一条农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的革命新道路。探索这一道路的起点是
A.秋收起义B.井冈山革命根据地创建
C.遵义会议召开D.红军长征胜利
9.14C是一种半衰期为5 730年的放射性同位素.若考古工作者探测到某古木中14C的含量为原来的 14 ,则该古树死亡时间距今大约(  )
10.
2014年2月25日,十二届全国人大常委会第七次会议审议通过将每年的12月13日设立为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日”的决定。南京大屠杀发生于
A.1931年B.1937年
C.1938年D.1945年
11.
诺贝尔文学奖获得者莫言在斯德哥尔摩的演讲中说:“我记忆中最早的一件事,是提着家里唯一的一把热水壶去公共食堂打开水。因为饥饿无力,失手将热水瓶打碎,我吓得要命,钻进草垛,一天没敢出来。”这里的“公共食堂”与下列哪一事件有关
A.实施第一个五年计划B.“大跃进”运动
C.人民公社化运动D.“文化大革命”
12.在匀强磁场中,一个原来静止的原子核,由于放出一个α粒子,结果得到一张两个相切圆的径迹照片(如图所示),今测得两个相切圆半径之比r1∶r2=1∶44.求:

13.在匀强磁场中,一个原来静止的原子核,由于放出一个α粒子,结果得到一张两个相切圆的径迹照片(如图所示),今测得两个相切圆半径之比r1∶r2=1∶44.求:

14.
新中国走上世界舞台,在国际事务中发挥了越来越重要的作用。下列关于新中国外交的史实,叙述不准确的一项是
A.我国政府在同印度政府代表谈判中,首次提出和平共处五项原则
B.在万隆会议上,周恩来提出“求同存异”的方针
C.1971年,中国重返联合国
D.1972年,美国总统尼克松访华,标志着中美正式建立外交关系
15.
今年的7月1日,是香港特别行政区成立17周年。对“特别行政区”中的“特别”理解正确的是
A.政治上不直属中国中央政府管辖
B.香港断绝与英国的一切政治经济联系
C.中国政府不向香港派驻军队
D.在一个中国的前提下,保持资本主义制度
16.为测定水库的存水量,将一瓶放射性溶液倒入水库中,已知这瓶溶液每分钟衰变8×107次,这种同位素半衰期为2天,10天以后从水库取出1 m3的水,并测得每分钟衰变10次,求水库的存水量为多少?
17.下列核反应或核衰变方程中,符号X表示中子的是(  )
18.
19世纪60-70年代,资产阶级革命或改革成为时代潮流的根本原因是
A.无产阶级和资产阶级矛盾尖锐B.封建专制制度阻碍资本主义的发展
C.工业革命的发展和影响D.资产阶级力量的壮大
19.阅读理解

    Texting while walking is something that most of us are guilty of. We can't help replying to that message we just received. However, while it's fun to keep up with the latest gossip, we may actually be putting ourselves in danger.

    A team of researchers from two UK universities recently found that people who use their phones while on the move walk differently than usual.

    “Recently, a person in front of me was walking very slowly and weaving (迂回行进), and I thought, 'Is this person drunk?'” Matthew Timmis, co-author of the study, told the Guardian.

    It turned out that the person was just texting. Inspired by this, Timmis and his team set out to discover the effects of phone use on how we navigate streets.

    A group of 21 volunteers were asked to walk around a simulated (模拟的) street, complete with obstacles such as a step. The participants traveled the course a total of 12 times each, either writing or reading a message, making a call, or with no phone at all.

    It took the volunteers 118 percent longer to complete the course when using a phone. They also focused on the step obstacle 60 percent more and paid attention to the travel path 51 percent more when they weren't using a phone.

    Although there were no accidents, Timmis believes we should still be aware of what's going on around us.

    “The big risk here is suddenly-appearing hazards (危险), like a pedestrian (行人) suddenly walking in front of you,” he told the Guardian. “You are not going to be able to respond to that as efficiently, which increases the risk of injury.”

    To bring attention to the dangers of “text walking”, a temporary “texting lane” was set up in Antwerp, Belgium in 2015. And earlier this year, a special crosswalk featuring flashing red lights on the ground to get the attention of texters was set up in Wuhan, Hubei province.

    “Texting while walking can lead to collisions with poles or other pedestrians. You could even be endangering your own life when you cross the street without looking up,” a spokesperson for the company that made the Antwerp texting lane told Yahoo News.

20.
近年来,美国教育部把《共产党宜言》公布为“美国中学生的必读书目”。阅读该宣言,美国中学生能了解到的有
①阶级和阶级斗争在人类社会历史发展中的巨大作用
②资本主义必然灭亡、社会主义必然胜利的美好理想
③全世界无产者联合起来,共同推翻资产阶级统治
④巴黎公社的经验教训
A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④
21.阅读理解

    Where can you find a nice place to relax on holiday for both you and your children? Well, I suggest you try the beautiful and green Isle of Wight (IOW). The Isle of Wight is one of the main tourist attractions. Here is some information on a few of the attractions on the IOW.

Dinosaur Isle

    It is located in Sandown, a seaside town on the southeast coast. It's a large, lovely museum, both fun and educational. Here you can see a large fossil collection of all kinds of dinosaurs, as well as a gift shop. You can walk into the past and then the future, learning about the history and the development of the civilization of dinosaurs that lived 120 million years ago.

Robin Hill Country Park

    The park is in the beautiful countryside, and is suitable for children's parties and games. It has five new gardens, and offers great opportunities to see and take pictures of the rare red squirrels.

The West of the Wight

    Here we have the Marine Aquarium, the Archaeology Exhibition and the Model Railway. They offer another opportunity to combine fun with learning. This is a great place to see ancient boats crossing the narrow strait between the island and the mainland.

The Wight Bus Museum

    This museum is run completely by unpaid volunteers. It has a bus collection stored in what was once a warehouse(仓库). Most of the buses in the museum date back to around the 1910's.

    With all of these choices, what are you waiting for? IOW Tourism welcomes you!

22.
某次战役“爆发于1916年,历时十个月,双方伤亡70多万人,有‘搅肉机’之称。”据此判断该战役是
A.滑铁卢战役B.凡尔登战役
C.莫斯科保卫战D.斯大林格勒战役
23.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

24.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

25.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

26.
科技文明是一代又一代科学家们经过无数次思考、实验和不懈追求的结果。下列科学家与其科学成就对应不正确的是
A.牛顿——运动三大定律B.达尔文——进化论
C.爱因斯坦——相对论D.爱迪生——万有引力定律
27.
“比较”是历史学习和研究的一种重要方法。罗斯福“新政”与列宁实施的“新经济政策”的相同点是
A.都是为了打退国内外反动势力的进攻B.都有利于本国经济恢复和发展
C.都巩固了本国资本主义制度D.都巩固了工农联盟的国家政权
28.语法填空

    The art of paper-cutting in China may date back to the second century, since paper{#blank#}1{#/blank#}(invent)by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. As paper became more affordable, paper0cutting became one of the most important{#blank#}2{#/blank#}(type) of Chinese folk art. Later,{#blank#}3{#/blank#} different regions adopting their own cultural styles, this art form spread to other parts of the world.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} (usual), the artworks are made of red paper, as red is associated with{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(happy) in Chinese culture, but other colors are also used.

    With{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(it) long history, paper-cutting,{#blank#}7{#/blank#}originated in China, has been very popular among the ordinary Chinese people. People put up papercuts on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(strengthen) the cheerful atmosphere.

    Chinese papercuts are rich in content. The auspicious(吉祥的)designs symbolize good luck and the avoidance of evil. The child, lotus and bat designs suggest a family with{#blank#}9{#/blank#}large number of children and grandchildren. Birds, livestock, fruit, fish and worms are also familiar objects{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(accept) by Chinese farmers. In a word, papercuts used in different occasions have different meanings.

29.
《联合国家宣言》的签署,标志着国际反法西斯统一战线的最终形成。国际反法西斯统一战线形成的根本原因是( )
A.英法对德宣战B.世界人民与法西斯国家矛盾激化
C.苏德战争爆发D.太平洋战争爆发
30.关于放射性同位素的应用,下列说法中正确的是(  )
31.
2014年4月5日,甲午年清明公祭轩辕黄帝典礼在陕西省黄陵县黄帝陵揭幕,来自全国各地及海外华人华侨近万人参加典礼。下列有关黄帝的叙述不正确的是
A.建造宫室、车船,制作兵器、衣裳
B.让部下发明文字、历法、算术和音乐
C.他是传说时代的治水英雄
D.妻子嫘祖发明养蚕抽丝技术
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(2道)

    选择题:(29道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:3

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:9