北师大版八年级数学上册《4.1 函数》同步检测(含答案)

适用年级:初二
试卷号:637774

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2017/12/12

1.单选题(共10题)

1.
下列变量间的关系不是函数关系的是(  )
A.长方形的宽一定,其长与面积
B.正方形的周长与面积
C.等腰三角形的底边长与面积
D.圆的周长与半径
2.
骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”,它的体温随时间的变化而变化,在这一问题中,因变量是( )
A.沙漠B.体温C.时间D.骆驼
3.
函数中自变量x的取值范围是(  )
A.x≥-5B.x≤-5C.x≥5D.x≤5
4.
下列图象中,表示yx的函数的个数有(  )
A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个
5.
小华同学接到通知,她的作文通过了《我的中国梦》征文选拔,需尽快上交该作文的电子文稿,接到通知后,小华立即在电脑上打字录入这篇文稿,录入一段时间后因事暂停,过了一小会儿,小华继续录入并加快了录入速度,直至录入完成,设从录入文稿开始所经过的时间为x,录入字数为y,下面能反映y与x之间的关系的大致图象是()
A.B.C.D.
6.
函数中的自变量x的取值范围是()
A.B.C.D.
7.
已知两个变量x和y,它们之间的3组对应值如下表所示.
x
-1
0
1
y
-1
1
3
 
则y 与x之间的函数关系式可能是(  )
A.y=xB.y=2x+1C.y=x2+x+1D.y=
8.
在函数y=中,自变量x的取值范围是()
A.x>1B.x<1C.x≠1D.x=1
9.
汽车以60千米/时的速度在公路上匀速行驶,1小时后进入高速路,继续以100千米/时的速度匀速行驶,则汽车行驶的路程s(千米)与行驶的时间t(时)的函数关系的大致图象是( )
A.B.C.D.
10.
某烤鸭店在确定烤鸭的烤制时间时,主要依据的是下表的数据:
鸭的质量/千克
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
烤制时间/分
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
 
设鸭的质量为x千克,烤制时间为t,估计当x=3.2千克时,t的值为(  )
A.140B.138C.148D.160

2.选择题(共4题)

11.国家发改委决定自2017年9月29日24时起,将国内汽.柴油价格每吨分别提高210元和195元。根据市场调查和分析的结果,油价上涨到5元/升,约有2%-4%的潜在消费者会放弃购车,而油价涨到6元/升,则有5%-8%的潜在消费者放弃购车,同时,近5成的车主表示将会减少汽车的使用频率。汽油的涨价让人们对汽车使用的另一燃油—柴油开始密切关注,柴油需求量不断上升。

运用“价格变动的影响”的知识,分析价格变动对经济活动有哪些影响?

12.

经过明治维新,日本发展成为亚洲第一个工业化国家,同时走上帝国主义道路,大肆侵略扩张。这是因为(    )

13.阅读理解

    Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is on the Southern Hemisphere of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is small. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.

    Enough laws have been made to fight against pollution. The cities in Australia have little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flower exhibition. There we saw large numbers of wild flowers on show, most of which we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. Every year in spring Perth has a wild flower exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent a day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves very much. When we heard bells ringing at the top of the hills, we looked up, but what we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to our car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us along the path.

    Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself among the white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere you can see sheep.

14.阅读理解

    Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is on the Southern Hemisphere of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is small. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.

    Enough laws have been made to fight against pollution. The cities in Australia have little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flower exhibition. There we saw large numbers of wild flowers on show, most of which we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. Every year in spring Perth has a wild flower exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent a day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves very much. When we heard bells ringing at the top of the hills, we looked up, but what we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to our car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us along the path.

    Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself among the white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere you can see sheep.

3.填空题(共1题)

15.
对于圆的周长公式c=2πr,其中自变量是______,因变量是______.

4.解答题(共3题)

16.
张爷爷晚饭以后外出散步,碰到老邻居,交谈了一会儿,返回途中在读报栏前看了一会儿报,如图是据此情境画出的图象,请你回答下面的问题:

(1)张爷爷是在什么地方碰到老邻居的,交谈了多长时间?
(2)读报栏大约离家多远?
(3)图中反映了哪些变量之间的关系?其中哪个是自变量?哪个是因变量?
17.
弹簧挂上物体后会伸长,已知一弹簧的长度(cm)与所挂物体的质量(kg)之间的关系如下表:
物体的质量(kg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
弹簧的长度(cm)
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
 
(1)上表反映了哪些变量之间的关系?哪个是自变量?哪个是因变量?
(2)当物体的质量为3kg时,弹簧的长度怎样变化?
(3)当物体的质量逐渐增加时,弹簧的长度怎样变化?
(4)如果物体的质量为xkg,弹簧的长度为ycm,根据上表写出yx的关系式;
(5)当物体的质量为2.5kg时,根据(4)的关系式,求弹簧的长度.
18.
父亲告诉小明:“距离地面越远,温度越低,”并给小明出示了下面的表格.
距离地面高度(千米)
0
1
2
3
4
5
温度(℃)
20
14
8
2
﹣4
﹣10
 
根据上表,父亲还给小明出了下面几个问题,你和小明一起回答.
(1)上表反映了哪两个变量之间的关系?哪个是自变量?哪个是因变量?
(2)如果用h表示距离地面的高度,用t表示温度,那么随着h的变化,t是怎么变化的?
(3)你知道距离地面5千米的高空温度是多少吗?
(4)你能猜出距离地面6千米的高空温度是多少吗?
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(4道)

    填空题:(1道)

    解答题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:1

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:7