2013-2014年安徽合肥五十中八年级上期期中历史试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初二
试卷号:401882

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2014/7/30

1.综合题(共3题)

1.
(12分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 条约规定:清政府割辽东半岛、台湾、澎湖列岛给日本;赔偿日本军费白银2亿两;开放沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸;允许日本在通商口岸开设工厂等。
(1)材料一反映的条约对中国社会造成了怎样的影响?(2分)
(2)下列哪幅图片反映了材料一中条约签订后的中国局势( )(将字母填入括号内,2分)
 
材料三 19世纪末,随着列强侵略的加深,中国人民的斗争矛头开始指向帝国主义......“扶清灭洋,替天行道”。但这一斗争最后在中外反动势力的联合绞杀下失败了。随后,清政府被迫签订了不平等条约,内容是清政府赔款白银4.5亿两......清政府保证严禁人民参加反帝活动......
(3)“扶清灭洋”是指哪一次人民斗争?(2分)
“清政府保证严禁人民参加反帝活动”说明了什么?这是哪个不平等条约的内容?(4分)
(5)结合材料,谈谈你有何感想?(2分)
2.
(20分)中国的近代化是先进的中国人向西方学习,艰难探索救国之路的过程。阅读图文资料,完成探究。
材料一 夷之长技有三:一战舰,二火器,三养兵练兵之法——《海国图志》
材料二 1898年6月11日至9月21日,光绪帝发布了上百道变法法令,改革政府机构,裁撤冗员......。
材料三 驱除鞑虏,恢复中华,创立民国,平均地权。
材料四
       
(1)材料一《海国图志》目的是什么?材料二反映的事件序幕是什么?(4分)
(2)材料三后来发展成为什么思想?这一思想的核心是什么?(4分)
(3)依据材料四写出各历史人物领导的历史事件是什么?(6分)
(4)新文化运动的旗帜是什么?(4分)
(5)结合上述问题概括出中国向西方学习的基本过程。(2分)
3.
(14分)阅读下列材料:
材料一 

材料二 恭亲王奕提出购买外洋船炮,认为不一二年,轮船必可成为中外官民通行之物,可以剿发捻,可以勤远略。
材料三 上海轮船招商局成立三年后,外国轮船公司损失了1300万两白银。
洋务运动前期和后期分别提出了什么口号?根本目的是什么?(6分)
(2)依据材料一提示,列举洋务运动主要内容有哪些?(6分)
材料三反映了洋务运动客观上有什么作用?(2分)

2.判断题(共3题)

4.
中国近代化的开端是鸦片战争。
错误:   改正:
5.
《狂人日记》第一个提倡用白话文代替文言文。
错误:   改正:
6.
中国近代史上中国人自行设计并修筑的第一条铁路是唐胥铁路。
错误:   改正:

3.选择题(共36题)

7.
见下图。请你判断此书的作者是(   )。
A.魏源B.严复C.李大钊D.林则徐
8.
《南京条约》内容中,直接加重人民负担的是(    )
A.割让香港岛B.赔款2100万银元
C.开放五处通商口岸D.协定关税
9.阅读下列材料:

材料一:在河南安阳发掘出十一个商朝王陵,王陵里埋着很多陪葬的人,武官村里陪葬的人有300人,还有大量牲畜。

材料二:在安阳,发现了191座祭祀坑,人骨一千多具,其中绝大多数是15岁到35岁的青壮年男女。他们死得很惨,有的被肢解,有的被腰斩……

10.阅读下列材料:

材料一:在河南安阳发掘出十一个商朝王陵,王陵里埋着很多陪葬的人,武官村里陪葬的人有300人,还有大量牲畜。

材料二:在安阳,发现了191座祭祀坑,人骨一千多具,其中绝大多数是15岁到35岁的青壮年男女。他们死得很惨,有的被肢解,有的被腰斩……

11.阅读下列材料:

材料一:在河南安阳发掘出十一个商朝王陵,王陵里埋着很多陪葬的人,武官村里陪葬的人有300人,还有大量牲畜。

材料二:在安阳,发现了191座祭祀坑,人骨一千多具,其中绝大多数是15岁到35岁的青壮年男女。他们死得很惨,有的被肢解,有的被腰斩……

12.
奶奶对我说:“我出生那年正好是鸦片战争爆发100周年。”她出生在(   )
A.1840年B.1856年C.1940年D.1956年
13.
道光帝的墓修筑得比其他帝王墓都要小,北师大历史教授说:是因为“在他手上打了败仗丢了土地,没有面目见先帝”。这里的“土地”是指(   )
A.广州B.香港岛C.台湾D.辽东半岛
14.
电影《十二生肖》中,成龙扮演的杰克为领取国际文物贩子劳伦斯开出的巨额奖金,四处寻找圆明园被盗的十二生肖兽首铜像中失散的最后四个。这些兽首铜像被盗于(   )
A.鸦片战争B.第二次鸦片战争
C.甲午中日战争D.八国联军侵华战争
15.
在第二次鸦片战争中,不费一兵一卒,却获益最多的国家是( )。
A.英国B.法国C.美国D.俄国
16.
甲午海战纪念馆坐落在刘公岛,是一处以建筑、雕塑、绘画、影视等艺术手段展示海战悲壮历史的大型纪念馆。如果你有幸参观,你不可能看到的是
A.邓世昌像B.洪秀全像C.北洋舰队图片D.致远舰模型
17.已知α,β是平面,m,n是直线.下列命题中不正确的是   (    )
18.
洋枪队头目华尔被击毙于(    )
A.上海B.青浦C.太仓D.慈溪
19.已知函数 f(x)=|x+a|+|x2|
20.
《辛丑条约》后,住在东交民巷的老王被迫搬家,是因为列强要在此( )。
A.开商铺B.建教堂C.设使馆D.办工厂
21.
下列条约的命名方式与其他三个不同的是( )
A.《南京条约》B.《北京条约》C.《马关条约》D.《辛丑条约》
22.阅读理解
    The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy, and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother.
    The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of faults. Pretty Meg was often displeased with the schoolchildren she taught; boyish Jo was easy to become angry; golden-haired schoolgirl Amy liked to show up; but Beth, who kept the house, was loving and gentle always.
    The happy days passed and darkness came when a telegram arrived for Mrs. March. “Your husband is very ill,” it said, “come at once.” The girls tried to be brave when their mother left for the front. They waited and prayed. Little Beth got scarlet fever(猩红热)when she was taking care of a sick neighbor. She became very ill but began to recover by the time Marmee was back. When Father came home from the front and at that joyful Christmas dinner they were once more all together.
    Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Meg became Mrs. Brooke, and after a few family troubles got used to her new state happily. Jo had found pleasure in her literary efforts. Amy had grown into a young lady with a talent for design and an even greater one for society. But Beth had never fully regained her health, and her family watched her with love and anxiety.
    Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches'. Jo went to New York and became successful in her writing and had the satisfaction of seeing her work published there. But at home the bitterest blow was yet to fall. Beth had known for some time that she couldn't live much longer to be with her family, and in the springtime she died.
    News came from Europe that Amy and Laurie, the grandson of a wealthy neighbor, had planned to be married soon. Now Jo became ever more successful in her writing and got married to Professor Bhaer, and soon afterwards founded a school for boys.
    And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to.
23.阅读理解
    How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments ―mostly for entertainment purposes ―is fair and respectful?
    Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
    Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behaviour, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and the natural range (分布区).The animals' normal behaviour is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
    The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behaviour called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
    Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding (圈养繁殖)of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programmes because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven't we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
    Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons why people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats.
24.阅读理解
    How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments ―mostly for entertainment purposes ―is fair and respectful?
    Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
    Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behaviour, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and the natural range (分布区).The animals' normal behaviour is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
    The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behaviour called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
    Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding (圈养繁殖)of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programmes because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven't we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
    Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons why people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats.
25.
中国第一个近代化的钢铁工业是(    )
A.安庆内军械所B.汉阳铁厂C.江南制造总局D.福州船政局
26.已知定义域为(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)的函数f(x)是偶函数,并且在(-∞,0)上是增函数,若f(-3)=0,则不等式 xf(x) <0的解集是 (    )
27.阅读理解
    The way we do things round here
    Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.
    So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is the body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures.
    Some of these differences may be only on the surface—dress, food and hours of work—while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate, while getting on with business.
    Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality(准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock, your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
28.
为应对日益严峻的海上挑战,我国加紧海军现代化建设,首艘航母辽宁舰宣布服役。我国的近代海军最早建立于()时期。
A.鸦片战争B.洋务运动C.甲午战争D.八国联军侵华
29.已知△BCD中,∠BCD=90°,BC=CD=1,AB⊥平面BCD,∠ADB=60°,E、F分别是AC、AD上的动点,且 AEAC=AFAD=λ(0<λ<1).

30.
三峡工程是世界上最宏伟的水利工程之一。孙中山是最早提出开发三峡的设想,这体现了他的哪一思想主张(    )
A.国共合作B.民族主义C.民权主义D.民生主义
31.已知函数 f(x)=(12)x 的图象与函数 g(x) 的图象关于直线 y=x 对称,令

h(x)=g(1|x|) ,  则关于函数 h(x) 有下列命题:

h(x) 的图象关于原点对称;  ② h(x) 为偶函数; ③ h(x) 的最小值为0;④ h(x)

(0,1)上为减函数。其中正确命题的序号为{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

32.已知函数 f(x)=(12)x 的图象与函数 g(x) 的图象关于直线 y=x 对称,令

h(x)=g(1|x|) ,  则关于函数 h(x) 有下列命题:

h(x) 的图象关于原点对称;  ② h(x) 为偶函数; ③ h(x) 的最小值为0;④ h(x)

(0,1)上为减函数。其中正确命题的序号为{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

33.
下列人物被誉为“中国资产阶级民主革命先行者”的是()。
A.林则徐B.康有为C.孙中山D.***
34.已知 f(2x+1) 的最大值为2, f(4x+1) 的最大值为 a ,则 a 的取值范围(    )
35.
1918年,鲁迅在《新青年》上发表的第一篇白话小说是(    )
A.《孔乙己》B.《药》C.《狂人日记》D.《故乡》
36.
“八荣八耻”中提倡“以崇尚科学为荣,以愚昧无知为耻”。追溯历史,曾经倡导“提倡科学,反对愚昧”的是(    )
A.洋务运动B.维新运动C.辛亥革命D.新文化运动
37.x>y>0xy >1成立的{#blank#}1{#/blank#}条件.
38.已知函数 g(x)=ax22ax+1+b(a>0) 在区间 [2,3] 上有最大值4和最小值1,

f(x)=g(x)x

(Ⅰ)求 ab 的值;

(Ⅱ)若不等式 f(2x)k·2x0x[1,1] 上恒成立,求实数 k 的取值范围.

39.在直角坐标系 xoy 中,直线 l 的参数方程为 {x=122ty=422tt 为参数).再以原点为极点,以 x 正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,并使得它与直角坐标系 xoy 有相同的长度单位.在该极坐标系中圆 C 的方程为 ρ=4sinθ
40.完形填空

    It was the old lady's birthday. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and a little boy, Johnnie,1her letters from the ground floor on the rare 2when anything came.

    Today she was sure there would be something. Myra 3 forget her mother's birthday, even if she 4 wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy, but 5 Enid, the daughter the old lady loved most, died two years ago. Since then Myra had seen her mother three times, but her husband, Harold, never.

    The old lady was eighty this day. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps ―perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a 6 birthday, another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it.7 Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was 8 of that. Two spots of colour 9 her cheeks. She was 10 like a child. She would enjoy her day!

    Now, she stood by the window,11 The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat 12 Johnnie saw him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter (咔嗒声), clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. He had got her post four envelopes. Three were unclosed cards from old friends. The fourth was closed, in Myra's writing. The old lady felt a sharp pain of13There was no parcel for her! Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She said to herself. She must be14.

    Almost 15 she tore the envelope open.16 in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday —Buy yourself something nice with the 17, Myra and Harold. The cheque moved quickly to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady 18 to pick it up. Her present! her 19 present! With 20 fingers she tore it into little bits.

41.完形填空

    It was the old lady's birthday. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and a little boy, Johnnie,1her letters from the ground floor on the rare 2when anything came.

    Today she was sure there would be something. Myra 3 forget her mother's birthday, even if she 4 wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy, but 5 Enid, the daughter the old lady loved most, died two years ago. Since then Myra had seen her mother three times, but her husband, Harold, never.

    The old lady was eighty this day. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps ―perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a 6 birthday, another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it.7 Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was 8 of that. Two spots of colour 9 her cheeks. She was 10 like a child. She would enjoy her day!

    Now, she stood by the window,11 The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat 12 Johnnie saw him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter (咔嗒声), clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. He had got her post four envelopes. Three were unclosed cards from old friends. The fourth was closed, in Myra's writing. The old lady felt a sharp pain of13There was no parcel for her! Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She said to herself. She must be14.

    Almost 15 she tore the envelope open.16 in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday —Buy yourself something nice with the 17, Myra and Harold. The cheque moved quickly to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady 18 to pick it up. Her present! her 19 present! With 20 fingers she tore it into little bits.

42.完形填空

    It was the old lady's birthday. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and a little boy, Johnnie,1her letters from the ground floor on the rare 2when anything came.

    Today she was sure there would be something. Myra 3 forget her mother's birthday, even if she 4 wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy, but 5 Enid, the daughter the old lady loved most, died two years ago. Since then Myra had seen her mother three times, but her husband, Harold, never.

    The old lady was eighty this day. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps ―perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a 6 birthday, another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it.7 Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was 8 of that. Two spots of colour 9 her cheeks. She was 10 like a child. She would enjoy her day!

    Now, she stood by the window,11 The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat 12 Johnnie saw him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter (咔嗒声), clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. He had got her post four envelopes. Three were unclosed cards from old friends. The fourth was closed, in Myra's writing. The old lady felt a sharp pain of13There was no parcel for her! Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She said to herself. She must be14.

    Almost 15 she tore the envelope open.16 in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday —Buy yourself something nice with the 17, Myra and Harold. The cheque moved quickly to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady 18 to pick it up. Her present! her 19 present! With 20 fingers she tore it into little bits.

4.填空题(共4题)

43.
请根据相应的引言、诗文写出历史人物的名字。
大将筹边尚未还,湖湘子弟满天山,新栽杨柳三千里......( )
44.
请根据相应的引言、诗文写出历史人物的名字。
有心杀贼,无力回天,死得其所,快哉快哉!” ( )
45.
请根据相应的引言、诗文写出历史人物的名字。
中国西学第一人。 ( )
46.
请根据相应的引言、诗文写出历史人物的名字。
状元实业家。 ( )
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(3道)

    判断题:(3道)

    选择题:(36道)

    填空题:(4道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

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