2016届广东省深圳市南山区九年级五校联考三模历史试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:387014

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2016/7/20

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
阅读材料,回答问题.
材料一:列宁说:现代的文明的美国历史,是由一次伟大的、真正解放的、真正革命的战争开始的……这是美国人民反对当时压迫美国,使美国处于殖民地奴隶地位的英国强盗们的战争。
材料二:在1932年的美国总统选举中,民主党候选人罗斯福当选总统。面对“大萧条”,他坚定地认为,这国家需要进行大胆的、坚持不懈的试验,如果试验失败,就再试行另一种办法,最重要的是进行试验。
材料三:国王未经议会同意,不得颁布或废止法律,不得征收和支配税收,不得在和平时期征集和维持常备军;人民有信教自由……
材料四:人生来是而且始终是自由的,在权利方面是平等的;自由、财产、安全和反抗压迫是天赋而不可剥夺的人权,国家主权属于人民,在法律面前人人平等。
请回答:
(1)材料一中“伟大的、真正解放的、真正革命的战争”是指什么战争?这场战争的转折点是什么?
(2)有人说在某种意义上,罗斯福“挽救了资本主义”,邓小平“挽救了社会主义”,请问罗斯福为“挽救”而进行的“试验”的特点是什么?邓小平的“挽救”主要是从哪次会议开始?这次会议是如何从政治上“挽救”的?
(3)材料三出自哪一部法律文件?此文件颁布的目的是什么?由此奠定了这个国家哪一政体的理论和法律基础?
(4)材料四出自哪一部法律文件?(1分)材料三和材料四共同的核心思想是什么?
(5)17世纪中期开始,人类历史上三次早期资产阶级革命先后在英国、美国和法国爆发。这三次革命的共同影响是什么?

2.选择题(共17题)

2.
宋朝以前,山东菏泽曾是经济最发达的地区之一,人才辈出;两宋以后,经济落后,杰出人物寥若寒星。导致这一变化的主要原因是
A.菏泽自然条件优越,经济发达B.北方战乱较多,经济重心南移
C.黄河改道频繁,对下游影响大D.菏泽位置重要,水陆交通发达
3.
从明太祖朱元璋废除丞相到清雍正帝设置军机处,这反映了()
A.地方权力增大B.相权不断加强
C.军政实现合一D.皇权不断膨胀
4.下列各组溶液,两两混合后,能发生反应,且溶液的总质量不发生改变的是(   )
5.
中国近代化经历了一个由浅入深、由表及里的发展过程,呈现“学技术-学制度-学思想”的特点,反映了中国人民不懈的探索精神。下列探索中的主张提出的先后顺序为
①“民主”“科学”  ②三民主义 ③变法图强  ④“自强”“求富”
A.①②③④B.④③②①C.①④②③D.④②③①
6.地球的昼夜温差比月球小,其原因正确的是(  )
7.
在中国近代化进程中,维新变法运动不是洋务运动的简单继续,而是有了质的飞跃。与洋务运动相比,这个“质的飞跃”体现在戊戌变法是为了( )
A.维护和加强封建制度B.实行资本主义民主制度C.抵抗侵略、救亡图存D.建立资产阶级共和国
8.
大革命失败后,中国共产党经过艰苦探索,逐步走出一条农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的革命新道路。探索这一道路的起点是
A.秋收起义B.井冈山革命根据地的创建
C.南昌起义D.红军长征胜利
9.
从2014年开始,我国把每年12月13日确定为国家公祭日,其历史依据是()
A.唐山大地震B.南京大屠杀
C.旅顺大屠杀D.火烧圆明园
10.
根据下图提供的信息,可判断我国全方位对外开放格局形成的步骤是()
A.经济特区一沿海开放城市一沿海经济开放区一内地
B.沿海开放城市一经济特区一沿海经济开放区一内地
C.沿海开放城市一沿海经济开放区一经济特区一内地
D.经济特区一沿海经济开放区一沿海开放城市一内地
11.
堪称为两河流域的骄傲,终成为古代东方宝贵的法律文化遗产,在人类法律文明演化史上占有极其重要的地位,该文明成就是( )
A.《汉谟拉比法典》B.《马可·波罗游记》
C.《一千零一夜》D.《荷马史诗》
12.
在神学笼罩的黑暗中,随着欧洲封建社会的衰落和新兴资产阶级的产生,思想文化的巨人向愚昧和无知发起了挑战。这一挑战的先驱是
A.伏尔泰B.但丁
C.达·芬奇D.莎士比亚
13.一对夫妇筹资开了个火锅店,夫妻俩既当店主又当服务员。随着生意的红火,他俩开起了火锅连锁店并雇工经营,自己当老板。火锅连锁店属于
14.
科技文化是一代又一代科学家经过无数次思考、实验和不懈追求的结果。下列科学家与其科学成就对应不正确的是
A.牛顿——万有引力定律B.达尔文——进化论
C.爱因斯坦——相对论D.爱迪生——力学三定律
15.
某次战役“爆发于1916年,历时十个月,双方伤亡70多万人,有‘搅肉机’之称。”据此判断该战役是
A.滑铁卢战役B.凡尔登战役
C.莫斯科保卫战D.斯大林格勒战役
16.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

17.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

18.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    选择题:(17道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:4