人教版生物八年级下册2017-2018学年 第七单元 第三章第二节 生物进化的历程 同步测试

适用年级:初二
试卷号:357048

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2018/4/26

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
地球上生存的生物多种多样,科学家根据各类生物亲缘关系的远近,用生物“进化树”(如图所示)形象而简明地表示生物进化的主要功程,请据图回答问题.

(1)图中A代表的是原始生命,它生活在________中.   
(2)根据进化树,可以判断鸟类和哺乳类都是有共同的原始祖先B________进化而来.   
(3)从图中可以看出生物之间都存在着或远或近的________.

2.单选题(共11题)

2.
下列生物类群最晚出现的是(   )
A.原生动物B.原核生物C.单细胞真核生物D.三叶虫
3.
下列关于生物进化的叙述,不正确的是(  )
A.化石是研究生物进化最重要的直接的证据
B.细胞色素C的差异,也反映了生物的亲缘关系
C.生物的进化是遗传、变异和自然选择的结果
D.始祖鸟化石证明了爬行类动物是由鸟类进化来的
4.
生物化石之所以能证明生物的进化,其根本原因是(  )
A.化石是保存在地层中的生物遗体或生活遗迹
B.地壳岩石形成有一定顺序
C.化石是生物的祖先
D.各类生物化石在地层中出现有一定的顺序
5.
在某地的考古挖掘过程中,越往下挖掘,出土的生物化石最有可能的是()
A.越来越高等
B.陆生生物化石增多
C.化石生物的结构越来越复杂
D.化石生物的结构越来越简单
6.
下列动物所属类群从简单到复杂的排列顺序是(   )
①蝗虫②蛔虫③水螅④草履虫⑤沙蚕⑥青蛙
A.④②③⑤①⑥B.④②③①⑤⑥C.④③②⑤①⑥D.④③⑤②①⑥
7.
生物进化的直接证据是
A.化石证据
B.胚胎发育上的证据
C.解剖证据
D.结构方面的证据
8.
始祖鸟化石可以证明,下列选项中有较近亲缘关系的两类生物是()
A.两栖类和鸟类B.两栖类和爬行类
C.爬行类和鸟类D.哺乳类和鸟类
9.
下列不能作为生物进化证据的是()
A. DNA序列 B. 生物化石
C. 体型大小 D. 形态结构
10.
下列生物中,亲缘关系最近的是:
A.狗尾草和大熊猫B.蝗虫和大熊猫C.金鱼和大熊猫D.家兔和大熊猫
11.
“始祖鸟”化石的发现,为生物进化提供了典型证据,它是介于哪两类生物之间的过渡类型?
A.鱼类→两栖类B.两栖类→爬行类
C.爬行类→鸟类D.爬行类→哺乳类
12.
在植物进化过程中,从原始藻类植物进化到原始种子植物,体现出生物进化的趋势是
①由简单到复杂②由低等到高等③由自养到异养④由水生到陆生
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④

3.选择题(共7题)

13.我们吃的花生油主要是从花生种子的哪一部分结构中压榨出来的(    )
14.

两次获得诺贝尔奖的居里夫人曾说:“我从来不曾有过幸运,将来也永远不指望幸运……我激励自己,我用尽了自己所有的力量应付一切……我的毅力终于占了上风。”可见(    )

15.

---Do you have________ books on Chinese food?
---Yes, I have______. 

16.

---Do you have________ books on Chinese food?
---Yes, I have______. 

17.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

18.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

19.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

4.填空题(共5题)

20.
生物进化遵循从单细胞到________、从低等到________、从简单到________、从水生到________的发展规律,生物不断进化。
21.
始祖鸟化石是________ 类进化成________ 类的证据.
22.
始祖鸟的大小和乌鸦差不多,如图为始祖鸟化石,从化石分析,始祖鸟的身体被覆________;具有和鸟翅膀一样的_____,但前肢的末端有指,指的末端有_____;它的嘴里有__________,嘴的外形像_____________,尾长并有尾椎骨。也就是说,始祖鸟的身体结构既和_____有相似之处,又和_________有相似之处。
23.
通过比较不同地层、不同年代的化石,就可以知道生物是如何进化的。在越古老的地层里,成为化石的生物种类越________,结构越________。这种现象说明了生物进化的总趋势是从________、从________、从________。
24.
生物进化的总体趋势,是由简单到复杂、由低等到 ,由水生到
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(7道)

    填空题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:12

    9星难题:0