人教版2017-2018学年八年级下册生物同步练习:第七单元 第三章 第二节 生物进化的历程

适用年级:初二
试卷号:352217

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2018/3/7

1.综合题(共2题)

1.
识图作答:在[ ]内填图中标号,在横线上写文字。下图示生物进化的大致过程。请据图回答:

(1)鸟类和[①]________、[②]________都是由原始的[④]________直接进化来的。裸子植物和[③]________植物的共同祖先是原始的蕨类植物。
(2)从图中可以看出所有生物之间都存在着或远或近的________。
2.
鱼类氮代谢的终产物是氨,两栖类成体氮代谢的终产物是尿素,鸟类氮代谢的终产物主要是尿酸。在鸡的胚胎发育过程中,最早几天氮代谢的终产物是氨,过几天变成了尿素,最后以尿酸代谢为主。这说明:
⑴、鸡的早期胚胎像______,过几天像______,最后像______。
⑵、从鸡胚胎氮代谢终产物的变化可以看出高等动物是由___进化而来,进化方向是___。

2.单选题(共16题)

3.
一位古生物学家研究一个没有受干扰的岩石层中的化石,鉴定出一个物种,他认为这个物种在一个较长的历史年代中没有发生变化,这位古生物学家得出的这一结论的根据是该物种化石(   )。
A.出现在较老的岩石中B.出现在较新的岩石中
C.出现在较老的和较新的岩石中D.在岩石层中从未出现过
4.
原始的裸子植物和被子植物是由下列哪种生物进化来的?( )
A.原始绿藻B.原始的蕨类植物C.现代的藻类植物D.原始菌类
5.
同种生物从古代到现代的进化,最有力的证据是(  )
A.马化石研究的成果B.始祖鸟化石的发现C.种子蕨化石的发现D.同源器官的存在
6.
下列为生物进化提供有力证据的中间过渡类型生物化石是(  )。
A.鳄鱼化石
B.藻类化石
C.昆虫化石
D.种子蕨化石
7.
古生物学上关于各个地质年代马的化石的研究证实(    )。
A.始祖马是一种中间过渡类型的动物化石
B.生物由水生到陆生的进化顺序
C.哺乳类由鸟类进化而来
D.物种是经过漫长的地质年代逐渐进化而来的
8.
在古老的地层中发掘的最简单化石生物是(    )
A.单细胞的B.简单的、多细胞的
C.复杂的、多细胞的D.最高等的动植物
9.
鱼、蝾螈、龟、鸡、猪、牛、兔7种脊椎动物和人的早期胚胎都有鳃裂和尾,这说明(    )。
A.它们的胚胎相似
B.脊椎动物和人的早期胚胎用鳃呼吸
C.它们的早期胚胎都有游水能力
D.脊椎动物和人都是由古代原始的有鳃有尾的共同原始祖先进化来的
10.
已知物种甲的化石比物种乙的化石在地层中出现晚得多,由此可知
A.物种甲比物种乙数量多B.物种甲是单细胞,物种乙是多细胞
C.物种甲可能比物种乙结构复杂D.物种甲是陆生的,物种乙是水生的
11.
在没有被破坏的地层中有关化石分布情况,下列说法中不正确的是(  )
A.古老地层中的生物化石简单、低等
B.在极古老的地层中也可找到高等生物化石
C.新近地层中的生物化石复杂、高等
D.新近的地层中也可找到低等生物化石
12.
我国发掘的大量的恐龙蛋化石是(    )
A.遗体化石B.遗物化石C.遗迹化石 D.不能定论
13.
始祖鸟化石及孔子鸟化石等的发现显示,鸟类可能起源于()
A.古代鱼类B.古代两栖类
C.古代爬行类D.古代节肢动物
14.
生物化石之所以能证明生物的进化,其根本原因是(  )
A.化石是保存在地层中的生物遗体或生活遗迹
B.地壳岩石形成有一定顺序
C.化石是生物的祖先
D.各类生物化石在地层中出现有一定的顺序
15.
根据郑氏始孔子鸟身体结构跟爬行类、鸟类动物都有相同之处,经逻辑推理可得出如下结论()
A.爬行类进化成鸟类B.鸟类进化成爬行类
C.爬行类与鸟类有亲缘关系D.生命起源于无机物
16.
鸟类和哺乳类是由哪一种动物进化而来的?(    )
A.古代的两栖动物B.近代的两栖动物
C.古代的爬行动物D.近代的爬行动物
17.
化石记录显示,在越古老的底层里成为化石的生物是()
A.越简单、越低等,水生的越多
B.越复杂、越高等,水生的越多
C.越简单、越低等,陆生的越多
D.越复杂、越高等,陆生的越多
18.
在植物进化过程中,从原始藻类植物进化到原始种子植物,体现出生物进化的趋势是
①由简单到复杂②由低等到高等③由自养到异养④由水生到陆生
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④

3.选择题(共4题)

19.在纯电阻电路中,当用一个固定的电源(设  E、r    是定值)向变化的外电阻供电时,关于电源的输出功率 P 随外电阻 R 变化的规律如图所示,则下列说法错误的是(   )

20.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

21.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

22.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

4.填空题(共3题)

23.
(1)生物化石是指生物的_______、________(如卵、粪便等)或________(如动物的脚印、爬迹等),由于某种原因被深埋在地层中,经过若干万年的复杂变化而逐渐形成的。 它们________地出现在不同地质年代的地层中,越__________、越_________的生物 化石出现在越古老的地层里,越______、越_______的生物化石出现在越新近形成的地层里,说明生物是_________的。
(2)始祖鸟化石是__________类进化成________类的证据。
24.
图的进化树表示了几种生物之间的亲缘关系,请据图回答下列问题:

(1) a、b、c、d四种生物的共同祖先是_______。
(2) 与a生物亲缘关系最近的生物是_______。
25.
如图是动植物进化历程示意图。据图回答:
 
(1)植物进化历程:原始藻类→_____→_____→_____。
(2)最早出现的脊椎动物是_____。原始的鸟类和哺乳类是由_____进化而来的。
(3)现在的爬行动物还能不能进化成鸟类和哺乳类_____?
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(2道)

    单选题:(16道)

    选择题:(4道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:14

    9星难题:2