吉林省长春市大学区2016-2017学年八年级下学期第三次月考生物试题

适用年级:初二
试卷号:349371

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2017/6/6

1.单选题(共43题)

1.
科学家利用分子生物学技术比较不同生物同一种蛋白质的氨基酸序列的研究发现,生物之间蛋白质分子的相似性越多,其亲缘关系就()
A.越远B.越近C.无法确定D.无亲缘关系
2.
下列说法不正确的是 (  )
A.基因在DNA上B.DNA主要在染色体上
C.染色体是基因的基本单位D.一个DNA上有许多基因
3.
下列变异中,哪种是不遗传的变异 (    )
A.一对肤色正常的夫妇生出一个肤色白化的儿子
B.同卵双胞胎的兄弟俩,哥哥比弟弟胖
C.同一只猫生的一窝小猫中,毛色有的白色,有的黄色,有的还是黄白相间。
D.用一定剂量X射线照射青霉菌株,获得青霉素高产的菌株。
4.
关于性别决定,下列说法正确的是 (    )
A.性染色体上的基因都是决定性别的
B.性染色体上含有决定性别的基因
C.人的性别决定只与性染色体有关,与基因无关
D.双胞胎不可能有两种性别
5.
下列属于相对性状的是(   )
A. 人的高身材和胖体形 B. 人的单眼皮和蓝眼珠
C. 人的黑皮肤和有耳垂 D. 人的卷舌和不卷舌
6.
下列关于性状的叙述错误的是(  )
A.子代的性状和亲代完全相同B.可由亲代遗传给子代
C.性状有显性和隐性之分D.性状就是生物的各种特征
7.
下列各项中,控制生物性状的基本遗传单位是:
A.基因B.染色体C.生殖细胞D.细胞核
8.
控制人遗传性状的基因,位于细胞的哪一种结构上
A.细胞壁B.细胞膜C.染色体D.叶绿体
9.
下列性状中属于相对性状的是(  )
A.玉米高茎和水稻的矮茎
B.兔的长毛和黄毛
C.豌豆的高茎和开白花
D.人的色觉正常和色盲
10.
人类的白化病是隐形形状,用隐形基因(a)来表示,现有一对正常夫妇,生出一患白化病的小孩,基因组成为(aa),请问这对夫妇的基因组成分别是
A.aa和aaB.Aa和aaC.AA和aaD.Aa和Aa
11.
下列关于基因的说法中,错误的是(  )
A.基因是具有特定遗传效应的DNA片段
B.基因位于DNA上
C.只有显性基因才能表现出所控制的性状
D.不同的基因控制着不同的性状
12.
人类的双眼皮是由显性基因B控制,单眼皮是由隐性基因b控制的,如果一个单眼皮的男性与一个双眼皮的女性结婚,生下的后代全是双眼皮,那么这对夫妇的基因组成可能是(  )
A.Bb、Bb  B.bb、Bb  C.bb、BB  D.Bb、bb或BB、bb
13.
假如亲代都有耳垂(Dd),则子代出现的性状可能是(   )
A.一 定有耳垂B.一 定无耳垂
C.多数有耳垂D.多数无耳垂
14.
正常男子体细胞的染色体数目是
A.22对 + XXB.23对 + XYC.22对 + XYD.22条 + XX
15.
人的精子、卵细胞、受精卵、体细胞中染色体数目分别是(  )
A.23对,23条,46对,46条B.23条,23条,46对,46对
C.23条,23条,23对,23对D.23对,23对,46条,46条
16.
下列属于变异现象的有(  )
A.小强和妈妈都是双眼皮B.所有狗的后代都会汪汪叫
C.“一母生九子,九子各不同”D.雄性孔雀都有美丽的尾巴
17.
下列有关达尔文自然选择学说的叙述中,不正确的是
A.生物普遍具有很强的繁殖力,因而会导致种内、种间出现生存斗争
B.生物都有遗传和变异的特性,变异的有利和不利与生物的进化无关
C.生物通过激烈的生存斗争,适者生存,不适者被淘汰
D.在自然选择的过程中,起主导作用的因素是环境条件
18.
下列关于长颈鹿长颈性状形成原因是描述,符合达尔文自然选择学说的是()
A.为吃到高处树叶不断伸长颈形成的B.上帝创造的
C.自然选择的结果D.是变异的结果,与遗传无关
19.
低等的动植物是由原始单细胞生物经过漫长的年代逐渐演变而来的,这些原始单细胞生物的生活环境是在()
A.原始陆地上B.原始海洋中
C.原始江河中D.原始高山上
20.
下列不属于原始大气成分的是()
A. 甲烷     B. 水蒸气 C. 硫化氢 D. 氧气
21.
对不同地层中化石的研究表明,在古生代早期,海生的藻类植物繁盛,到了古生代中期,原始陆生植物开始出现,到古生代晚期蕨类植物繁盛,裸子植物开始出现,到中生代裸子植物繁盛,并在中生代晚期出现了被子植物。上述现象不能说明的进化事实是(   )
A.进化方向是由水生到陆生
B.藻类植物是原始、低等的类群
C.被子植物是高等的植物类群
D.蕨类植物和裸子植物都是由藻类植物进化来
22.
在某地的考古挖掘过程中,越往下挖掘,出土的生物化石最有可能的是()
A.越来越高等
B.陆生生物化石增多
C.化石生物的结构越来越复杂
D.化石生物的结构越来越简单
23.
关于生物进化的原因,被人们普遍接受的是(  )
A.神创论
B.拉马克的“用进废退”学说
C.达尔文的“自然选择”学说
D.米勒的“重演律”
24.
科学家通过对化石的研究发现:鱼类的化石在比较古老的地层中出现,而两栖类、爬行类和哺乳类动物的化石则依次在越来越晚近的地层中出现。以下结论错误的是()
A. 鱼类比其他三类动物低等 B. 鱼类比其他三类动物的结构简单
C. 动物进化的趋势是由水生到陆生 D. 动物进化的趋势是由小型个体到大型个体
25.
在植物进化过程中,从原始藻类植物进化到原始种子植物,体现出生物进化的趋势是
①由简单到复杂②由低等到高等③由自养到异养④由水生到陆生
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④
26.
大灾之后要防大疫、四川的汶川地震之后,我国政府在积极抢救伤员的同时,还组织大批防疫人员对灾区进行喷药消毒、这种做法的主要目的是( )
A.控制传染源B.保护易感人群
C.切断传播途径D.改善生活条件
27.
下列关于艾滋病的叙述不正确的是(  )
A.艾滋病的病原体是病毒
B.艾滋病患者不是唯一传染源
C.艾滋病可以通过母婴传播
D.同桌进餐会传染艾滋病
28.
下列不健康的生活方式中,容易诱发多种呼吸系统疾病的是(  )
A.偏食B.酗酒C.吸烟D.熬夜
29.
天花病毒侵入人体后,使人患上天花,同时在病人体内产生抵抗天花病毒的抗体,此人以后就不会再患天花了。人类的这种免疫不属于( )
A. 保卫人体的第三道防线   B. 特异性免疫
C. 非特异性免疫 D. 后天性免疫
30.
下列属于免疫细胞的是(  )
A.口腔上皮细胞B.淋巴细胞C.肝脏细胞D.神经细胞
31.
SARS的全称是(  )
A.非典B.高致病性禽流感C.获得性免疫缺陷综合症D.非典型性肺炎
32.
非典的传播途径主要是(  )
A.空气传播B.血液传播C.电子传播D.细菌传播
33.
存放几种药物时应注意(  )
A.放在同一容器中
B.放在有阳光的地方,可以利用紫外线进行消毒
C.放在干燥、阴凉、避光、幼儿拿不到的地方
D.放在干燥、避光、幼儿拿得到的地方
34.
某同学感冒后气管发炎,下列哪种做法是正确的(  )
A.家里有消炎药,随便吃些B.找医生诊断,并严格按医嘱服药
C.为了节省时间,吃饭的同时服药D.为了不耽误功课,课间服药
35.
2013年3月31日,国家卫生和计划生育委员会通报,我国首次确认发现3例人感染H7N9型禽流感病例。下列预防H7N9型禽流感的各项措施中,错误的是()
A.少去人多拥挤、空气不流通的场所B.尽可能减少与禽畜不必要的接触
C.不吃生的或半熟的禽肉、蛋类等食品D.尽可能食用未经检疫的禽肉制品
36.
江汉平原是血吸虫病高发区。血吸虫病的病原体是( A )
A. 血吸虫    B. 钉螺    C. 正常的人    D. 血吸虫病患者
37.
下面不属于传染病预防措施的是( )
A.某人每天定时测定血糖含量B.学校组织集体注射流感疫苗
C.医院成立传染病治疗中心D.校医在教室内喷洒消毒液
38.
夏季是消化道传染病的高发季节,学校食堂应加强食品卫生管理,及时消毒餐具、下列属于消化道传染病的是( )
A.流行性感冒B.细菌性痢疾C.狂犬病D.乙型肝炎
39.
下列各项中,不属于计划免疫的是(   )
A.接种卡介苗B.注射乙肝疫苗
C.服用脊髓灰质炎“糖丸”D.注射胰岛素注射液
40.
引起人感染H7N9禽流感的流感病毒称为()
A.传染源B.传播途径C.病原体D.易感人群
41.
下列各项中,属于非特异性免疫的是(  )
A.呼吸道黏膜上纤毛的清扫作用
B.患过麻疹的人一般不会再患麻疹
C.对刚出生的婴儿接种卡介苗预防结核病
D.给儿童服用脊髓灰质炎糖丸预防脊髓灰质炎
42.
下列选项中属于人体防线的是
A.吞噬细胞的吞噬作用
B.淋巴细胞产生抗体
C.皮肤的屏障作用
D.口服抗生素消灭体内病原体
43.
下列各项中属于特异性免疫的是()
A.体液的杀菌作用B.吞噬细胞的吞噬作用
C.皮肤的屏障作用D.淋巴细胞产生抗体,吞噬病原体

2.选择题(共10题)

44.

为研究不同颜色的光照对种子萌发情况的影响,某研究性学习小组的同学进行了如下实验:取甲、乙、丙、丁4个培养皿,在每个培养皿中均铺上潮湿的滤纸,并分别放入同一品种的莴苣种子100粒,然后分别给予不同的光照,数天后结果如下表.分析该实验及其数据,可以得出的最恰当结论是(  )


光照条件

用黑纸遮光

照橘红光

先照橘红光再照远红光

先照橘红光,再照远红光最后再照橘红光

 萌发种子数

0

99

40

98

45.下列物质在空气或氧气中燃烧时的实验现象描述正确的是(   )
46.下列物质在空气或氧气中燃烧时的实验现象描述正确的是(   )
47.

许多不同品种的桃树生长在一个果园里,开花时相互传粉,但这些果树年年照样结着各自口味不同的果实,而没有因互相穿粉改变口味,原因是(  )

48.

许多不同品种的桃树生长在一个果园里,开花时相互传粉,但这些果树年年照样结着各自口味不同的果实,而没有因互相穿粉改变口味,原因是(  )

49.

许多不同品种的桃树生长在一个果园里,开花时相互传粉,但这些果树年年照样结着各自口味不同的果实,而没有因互相穿粉改变口味,原因是(  )

50.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

51.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

52.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

53.被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的是  (    )
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(43道)

    选择题:(10道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:28

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:11

    9星难题:4