广西钦州市2018-2019学年八年级下学期3月份学科素养测试生物试题

适用年级:初二
试卷号:339957

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2019/4/13

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
如图是某家庭的遗传图谱,假设控制双眼皮的基因(A)为显性,控制单眼皮的基因(a)为隐性.请据图回答:

(1)人类双眼皮与单眼皮在遗传学上称为一对_____性状。
(2)4号的性染色体组成为_____,其中X染色体来自_____号。
(3)若2号是单眼皮,5号是双眼皮,5号的基因组成是_____;若6号是单眼皮,5号和6号生下一单眼皮孩子的几率是_____。
(4)7号和9号是表兄妹,从优生角度分析,他们不能结为夫妻的原因是:后代患_____的机会大大增加。

2.资料分析题(共1题)

2.
阅读材料,回答下列问题
2019年2月18日,经中国动物卫生与流行病学中心确诊,广西北海市银海区发生非洲猪瘟疫情。两个养殖小区共存栏生猪235头,发病1629头,死亡924头。
18日晚,银海区人民政府网站发布了封锁令,对非洲猪瘟疫区进行封锁,启动应急响应机制,采取封锁,扑杀、无害化处理、消毒等处置措施,对全部病死和扑杀猪进行无害化处理。同时,禁止所有生猪及其产品调出封锁区,禁止生猪运入封锁区。
非洲猪温是由非洲猪盛病毒(简称:ASFV)感染家猪和各种野猪的一种急性,出血性、烈性传染病。其特征是发病过程短,最急性和急性感染死亡率高达100%。
由于在世界范围内没有研发出可以有效预防非洲猪瘟的疫苗,但高温、消毒剂可以有效杀灭病毒,所以做好养殖场生物安全防护是防控非洲猪瘟的关键。
(1)按病原体的不同,非洲猪瘟属于______传染病。
(2)从传染病流行的基本环节分析,患非洲猪瘟的猪属于______。
(3)从预防传染病的措施分析,“扑杀、无害化处理”属于______。
(4)如果以后成功研发出非洲猪瘟疫苗,人们可通过给猪注射疫苗来提高对该病的免疫能力。在此过程中,注射进入猪体内的疫苗作为______,受到刺激的淋巴细胞产生抵抗的特殊蛋白质,叫做______,它能够参与病毒的清除。这种由后天获得的,只针对某种特定病原体起作用的免疫功能称为______免疫。

3.单选题(共8题)

3.
当你用筷子往口中夹菜时,骨骼肌的活动是(  )
A.肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张B.肱二头肌舒张,肱三头肌收缩
C.肱二头肌、肱三头肌均收缩D.肱二头肌收、肱三头肌均舒张
4.
下列属于国家一级保护哺乳动物的一组是(  )
A.大熊猫、钦州的白海豚,崇左的白头叶猴
B.钦州的白海豚、蒙古野驴、朱鹳
C.金丝猴、丹顶鹤、崇左的白头叶猴
D.藏羚羊、扬子鳄、白鳍豚
5.
蝗虫的发育属于不完全变态,其发育过程是
A.卵→若虫→成虫B.卵→蛹→成虫
C.卵→若虫→蛹→成虫D.卵→幼虫→蛹→成虫
6.
在植物进化过程中,从原始藻类植物进化到原始种子植物,体现出生物进化的趋势是
①由简单到复杂②由低等到高等③由自养到异养④由水生到陆生
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④
7.
在克隆羊多莉的培育过程中,若a是供卵细胞的母羊,b是供细胞核的母羊,c是代孕母羊,则培育出的小羊多莉性状像(   )
A.aB.bC.cD.a和b
8.
下列不属于现代生物技术的是
A. 利用克隆技术培育良种奶牛     B. 将根瘤菌的固氮基因转移到小麦细胞内
C. 利用组织培养技术繁殖蝴蝶兰 D. 利用酵母菌发酵制作酒酿
9.
“洗澡通风,安全过冬”,秋冬季要注意加强预防一氧化碳中毒。若遇到发生一氧化碳中毒的情况,小龙的下列做法不恰当的是(  )
A.迅速关紧煤气阀,打开门窗通风
B.立即拨打“120”,告知地址和病情
C.同时给患者服用牛黄解毒片,以缓解病情
D.马上对患者实施人工呼吸
10.
“开车不喝酒,酒后不开车”。关于酗酒对人体的危害,以下说法不合理的是
A. 酒精会引起神经衰弱、智力减退
B. 酒精会损害心脏和血管,引起心血管病
C. 酒精会损害肝脏
D. 醉酒后走路不稳是由于酒精影响了大脑功能

4.选择题(共3题)

11.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

12.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

13.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    资料分析题:(1道)

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:0