2011年初中毕业升学考试(湖北十堰卷)化学部分

适用年级:初三
试卷号:301365

试卷类型:中考真题
试卷考试时间:2011/10/28

1.简答题(共3题)

1.
今年3月日本地震引发福岛核电站事故,由于含碘物质可预防核辐射,导致我国部分地区出现了“抢盐潮”。专家认为,防核辐射最有效的方法是每天服用一片碘片,每片碘片中含100毫克碘元素。“味源”牌加碘盐每千克含KIO3 42.8毫克。请问:
(1) KIO3中钾、碘、氧三种元素的质量比为___________;
(2)若用“味源”牌加碘盐防核辐射,每天需食用约_____千克加碘盐,其所含的碘才与一片碘片相当(从以下四个选项中选填序号)。
A.2~3
B.3~4
C.4~5
D.5~6
 
2.
人们的日常生活离不开金属。
(1)根据下图的的应用实例,试说出金属具有的两点物理性质。

(2)铝的化学性质比铁活泼,但为什么日常生活中铝制品不易锈蚀?
3.
小强向氢氧化钠溶液中滴加了稀盐酸,发现没有明显现象。为了确定盐酸与氢氧
化钠是否恰好完全反应,他取少量反应后的溶液于试管中,滴加几滴酚酞试液,振荡,观察
到酚酞试液不变色。于是他得出了“两种物质恰好完全反应”的结论。
(1)小雨认为小强的结论是不合理的,你认为小雨的理由是__________;
(2)请你设计个实验,探究盐酸与氢氧化钠是否恰好完全反应(要求写出实验方法、可能观察到的现象、结论)__________

2.单选题(共10题)

4.
下列物质间的转化,不能一步实现的是
A.NaHCO3→CO2B.KNO3→K2CO3  
C.CO2→CaCO3D.CaO→CaCl2
5.
A、B、C、D四种物质之间存在如下反应:A+B→C+D ,列说法正确的是
A. 根据质量守恒定律,10gA与l0gB充分反应后生成C与D的质量之和一定为20g
B. 若B是氧气,C、D分别是二氧化碳和水,则A中一定含有碳、氢、氧三种元素
C. 若A、C是单质,B、D是化台物,则该反应一定是置换反应
D. 若C、D分别是盐和水,则该反应一定是复分解反应
6.
下列关于氧气的说法错误的是
A.氧气约占空气总体积的1/5B.通常情况下,氧气是无色无味的气体
C.硫在空气中燃烧比在氧气中剧烈D.氧气是一种化学性质比较活泼的气体
7.
X、Y两金属都能跟硝酸银溶液起反应,置换出银;X跟稀硫酸不反应,Y跟稀
硫酸起反应生成氢气。由此判断X、Y两金属可能依次是
A.Fe HgB.Fe ZnC.Cu HgD.Cu Zn
8.
下列操作与水的净化过程无关的是
A.吸附B.沉淀C.蒸馏D.电解
9.
下列实验操作正确的是
A.液体倾倒B.过滤
C.液体量取D.浓硫酸稀释
10.
欲除去不纯物质中的杂质(括号内为杂质),除去杂质所用方法正确的是
选项
待提纯物质
除杂方法
A
O2(CO2、H2O)
依次通过烧碱溶液和浓硫酸
B
CO2(CO)
通过灼热的铜网
C
CuSO4溶液(硫酸)
加入适量氢氧化钡溶液
D
NaOH溶液(氯化钠)
加入适量硝酸银溶液
 
A. A B. B C. C D. D
11.
有四瓶无色溶液,他们分别是:①稀盐酸②稀硫酸③氢氧化钠溶液④硫酸钠溶液。
某实验小组分别对四种溶液进行了一系列实验,结果如下表:
实验操作




加入无色酚酞试液
不变色
变红
不变色
不变色
加入硝酸钡溶液
白色沉淀
无明显现象
白色沉淀
无明显现象
加入锌粒
无明显现象
无明显现象
产生无色气体
产生无色气体
 
则对应甲、乙、丙、丁顺序的四种物质是
A.②③④①B.④③②①C.③④①②D.①②④③
12.
2011年被联合国定为“国际化学年”,以纪念化学对人类的贡献;“低碳城市,两
型社会”是十堰市城市发展的新目标。下列做法中,既遵守化学规律,又符合新目标的是
A.焚烧废旧塑料以解决“白色污染”问题
B.为增加蔬菜产量,大量使用农药和化肥
C.使化学生产工艺和产品向环境友好的方向发展
D.使用含硫煤作燃料进行火力发电,以保证电力供应
13.
下列关于燃烧或灭火的操作,其表述正确的是

A. 图1中水下白磷未燃烧是由于没有与氧气接触
B. 若将图2中的白磷换成红磷也能观察到燃烧现象
C. 图3中移走石油液化气灌是为了使其与氧气隔绝
D. 图4中用水灭火时,水的作用是降低可燃物的着火点

3.选择题(共8题)

14.

   Never try to work when you are very hungry. If you want to do your homework right after school, you may want to eat something before getting to work. ①Always do your homework before you get too tired. Don't wait until very late in the evening, or your homework will seem much harder than it really is.
   If you have more than an hour's work,you should give yourself a break after an hour. On the other hand,② you should work at least half an hour a time without stopping.
   Don't put it off(推迟)until the last minute. If you put off doing your homework,you will have it on your mind,and you won't enjoy your free time so much. If you put it off until the end of the week or until night before a test,you will have too much catching up to do. A little each night, enough to keep up with(跟上)what is happening each day in school,will take the fear out of tests and keep you on top of it.
   Do your homework at the same time every day. This will help you make it a habit. It will make part of your daily work easier to do,and it will make your free time more enjoyable as well.

15.

按照“神舟”六号飞船环境控制与生命保障系统的设计指标,“神舟”六号飞船返回舱的温度为21℃±4℃,则该返回舱的最低温度为{#blank#}1{#/blank#} ℃.

16.

阅读下文并回答问题。
   There are many advantages of becoming a professional musician. The biggest advantage is being able to do something you love. You will have the chance to travel to many different places and meet a lot of different people. That will open up your eyes.
   However, there are also disadvantages of being a professional musician. One of the biggest disadvantages for most musicians is that they don't always have enough money. Most of the time, you will be looking for jobs. Sometimes you won't be able to find a good job. Another disadvantage is the place you live in. If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can't have a stable (不稳定的) family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular (正常的) family.

17.

阅读下面对话,从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。

Mike: What do you think life will be like in 100 years?
Bob:     {#blank#}1{#/blank#} 
Mike: Great . Then we don't have to do any housework. The robots will help us. Will there be any
paper money?
Bob: NO, there won't.  {#blank#}2{#/blank#} 
Mike: And I think we won't have to go to school for lessons.   {#blank#}3{#/blank#}   
Bob: I agree. Do you like traveling?
Mike: Of course. I live traveling. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} 
Bob: You will see a more beautiful world in 100 years because the cities will be like gardens. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}    
Mike: Wow, I can't wait.

18.

   Miss Wang is twenty-three years 1 . She likes children and her 2 work. From Monday to Friday she stays at 3 and gives the children classes. She has much work 4, but she often plays sports 5 her students after school. The children like 6 very much.7 Saturday she drives her car to her father's house and 8with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes to see her friends on Sunday. She drives back 9 school on Monday morning.
She 10 singing and swimming. She’s a nice girl.

19.

   We each have a memory(记忆力). That's why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them over and over again. Many of the great men in the world got surprising memories.
   A good memory is a great help in learning languages. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear,remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
   But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.

20.

   This is my beautiful home. There is a small garden in front of my house. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. Behind my house there is a big tree. Near the tree, you can see a garage. My father’s beautiful car is in it now.
   On the first floor, there is a large living room, a dining room, a kitchen and a bathroom. I like watching TV in the living room. On the second floor, there is a small study room and two bedrooms. I love playing with the computer in my study. 
   What a nice home! I like it very much.

21.
NamePersonal information
Norman
Bethune
Born in 1890,A doctor in Canada
Died in November, 1939 in China, Came to China in March 1938
Celine
Dion
Born in Canada, A singing star, In 1997 sang My Heart Will Go On
for the film Titanic
Thomas
Edison
Born in 1847,in USA, Made over 1,000 inventions, Died in 1931
Mark
Twain
Born in 1835, in USA, A writer in USA, Died in 1910,
Wrote The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
Bill
Gates
Born in 1955, in USA, Wrote Business @the Speed of Thought, Owns Microsoft Company


4.填空题(共4题)

22.
食品安全无小事,不久前发生的“染色馒头”和“毒豆芽’’事件,受到社会广泛关注。
(1)“染色馒头”是在馒头中添加了柠檬黄色素,柠檬黄中含有铬酸铅(PbCrO4),它是一种致癌物。已知铬酸铅中铅元素的化合价为+2价,则铬元素的化合价为
(2)“毒豆芽”是在豆芽生产过程中违规加入了尿素、亚硝酸盐、恩诺沙星等物质,其中加入的尿素属于化肥中的 肥。
23.
图l是氯化钾的溶解度曲线,化学兴趣小组的同学在20℃的l00g水中进行了如
图2所示的实验。

(1)图2中,烧杯A中所得到的溶液的质量为______克;
(2)图2中,烧杯A、B、C、D中的溶液属于饱和溶液的是____________;
(3)图2中,烧杯C和D中的溶液相同的是____(填序号)。
①溶质的质量  ②溶剂的质量  ③溶液的质量   ④溶质的质量分数
24.
甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己是初中化学中常见的些物质,它们之间存在如下图所示
的相互关系(“—”表示在一定条件下能相互反应,“→”表示在一定条件下能发生转化),
己知乙是一种气体,能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊,常用丁灭火;甲、乙、丙三种物质含有一种
相同的元素,且甲是一种单质;乙和丁不含相同的元素,反应①、②、③中,一个有沉淀产
生,一个有气体放出,一个无明显现象。

(1)写出乙物质的化学式____;
(2)写出甲物质的一种用途_______;
(3)写出反应①的化学方程式_______,己物质所属的类别为______(填“酸”“碱”“盐’”或“氧化物”)。
25.
请用你所学的化学知识回答下列问题;
(1)小华的妈妈去超市购买了以下食品:①瘦肉②面条③牛奶④蔬菜⑤食醋,其中富含糖类的物质是   (填序号,下同),有些食品用塑料保鲜膜进行了包装,塑料保鲜膜属于   (①有机合成材料②天然有机高分子材料③金属材料)。
(2)化石燃料燃烧会产生二氧化碳,为了减少二氧化碳的排放,科学家将二氧化碳和氢气在催化剂和加热的条件下反应,转化为水和甲烷,该反应的化学方程式为    

5.实验题(共1题)

26.
某食品的包装袋中放有一小包“防腐剂”,化学兴趣小组的同学对“防腐剂”的
成分产了好奇,他们将一包“防腐剂”倒在滤纸上,看到“防腐剂”中有一些灰黑色粉末
和一些红色粉末,为此,展开以下探究活动:
(提出问题)“防腐剂”中灰黑色的粉末和红色的粉末分别是什么?
(查阅资料)食品腐败主要是因为食品易被空气中的氧气和水蒸气氧化、潮解而变质,使用
“防腐剂”可延长食品的保质期。
(提出猜想)
小文:“防腐剂”中灰黑色的粉末是氧化铜,红色的粉末是铜。
小婧:“防腐剂”中灰黑色的粉末是氧化铜和碳粉,红色的粉末是铜。
小鹏:“防腐剂”中灰黑色的粉末是铁粉和碳粉,红色的粉末是氧化铁。
(讨论分析)通过讨论,同学们一致认为小鹏的猜想是正确的,理由是_____________。
(实验探究)请你参与他们的探究,并将实验内容补充完整。
实验步骤及操作
实验现象
实验结论。
①用磁铁接近滤纸上的“防腐剂”,并充分吸引
磁铁上吸引了黑色物质
__
②取①中剩余的粉末于试管中,加入足量的__,观察现象
__
小鹏的猜想成立
 
(拓展探究)为了进一步探究“防腐剂”的性质,兴趣小组的同学另取一包“防腐剂”,进行了如右图所示的实验。实验结束后,通过称量反应前后玻璃管中固体物质的质量,他们发现反应固体物质的质量减小了,请你分析固体物质质量减小的原因____________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(3道)

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(8道)

    填空题:(4道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:3