山东省平邑县蒙阳新星学校2017届九年级化学专题复习:盐和化学肥料

适用年级:初三
试卷号:299702

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/12/22

1.科学探究题(共2题)

1.
呼吸面具中“氧气再生剂”的主要成分是淡黄色固体过氧化钠(Na2O2),使用后变成白色固体.某兴趣小组对白色固体的成分进行探究:
【查阅资料】2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2 2Na2O2+2H2O=2NaOH+O2
【提出猜想】根据呼出的气体中含有较多的二氧化碳和水蒸气.对白色固体作出如下猜想:猜想Ⅰ:氢氧化钠猜想Ⅱ:_________猜想Ⅲ:氢氧化钠和碳酸钠
【实验验证】
实验操作
实验现象
实验结论
取少量样品溶于水,加入适量_______________________
产生白色沉淀
该反应的化学方程式为__________________ ;
(2)将上述反应后的混合物过滤,取滤液入 ________________
_____________
证明猜想Ⅲ正确
 
【得出结论】猜想Ⅲ成立.
【拓展应用】“氧气再生剂”的保存方法是_____________.
2.
某化学兴趣小组进行了识别化肥的探究活动.他们对氯化铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸钾、磷矿粉四种化肥的实验探究步骤如下:
(1)步骤一:取上述四种化肥各少量分别放入试管,观察,从外观上即可与其他化肥区分出来的是     
(2)步骤二:在装有另外三种化肥的试管中,分别加入少量稀盐酸,有气体产生的是
(3)步骤三:再分别取少量未区分出的另外两种化肥于研钵中,各加入少量熟石灰粉末,混合、研磨,有刺激性气味气体放出的是   ,由此可知,在使用该类化肥时,要避免与 (填“酸”或“碱”)性物质混合施用,以防降低肥效。有同学提出,氯化铵、硫酸钾也可用下列某种物质进行区分,你认为可行的是
A 硝酸钡溶液
B 氯化钠溶液
C 酚酞溶液
D 稀盐酸
 

2.计算题(共1题)

3.
工业上侯氏制碱法得到的纯碱产品中常含有少量的氯化钠杂质,化验员要对每批次的纯碱产品进行检验.在实验室中取27g纯碱样品,平均分成五份依次加入到盛有100g稀盐酸的锥形瓶中(锥形瓶的质量为60g),每次充分反应后都进行称量,实验数据如下表:

 
第一次
第二次
第三次
第四次
第五次
加入纯碱样品的质量/g
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
电子天平的示数/g
163.2
166.4
169.6
175
180.4
 
(1)第一次加入纯碱样品充分反应后,生成二氧化碳的质量是__g.
(2)计算纯碱样品中碳酸钠的质量分数是_______?(计算结果精确到0.1%)
(3)计算所用稀盐酸的质量分数是____________?

3.单选题(共12题)

4.
下列物质间的转化不能通过一步反应直接实现的是( )
A.NaNO3→NaClB.CuSO4→FeSO4C.Ca(OH) 2→NaOHD.CuO→Cu
5.
下列各组物质间能发生化学反应的是
A.银和稀盐酸B.铁和硫酸锌溶液
C.硝酸钾溶液和食盐水D.硫酸和氯化钡溶液
6.
下列物质间的俗称和化学式不相符的是 ( )
A.干冰  CO2B.生石灰CaOC.纯碱  NaOHD.食盐NaCl
7.
蒸馒头、炸油条时常用到一种白色物质,它既能中和面粉发酵过程产生的酸,又能起发泡作用,这种白色物质是( )
A. NaOH    B. Ca(OH)2 C. NaHCO3 D. NaCl
8.
下列试剂中,能把稀硫酸、KOH溶液、CaCl2溶液一次性鉴别出来的是
A.KCl溶液B.K2CO3溶液
C.稀盐酸D.NaNO3溶液
9.
推理是化学学习中常用的思维方法,下面推理中正确的是(   )
A.酸中都有氢元素,所以含有氢元素的化合物一定是酸
B.碱性溶液能使紫色石蕊试液变蓝,所以能使石蕊试液变蓝的溶液一定呈碱性
C.酸与碱反应有盐和水生成,因此有盐和水生成的反应一定是中和反应
D.碳酸盐与盐酸反应放出气体,所以与盐酸反应放出气体的物质一定是碳酸盐
10.
以下几种常见化学肥料中属于复合肥的是(   )
A.硫酸钾(K2SO4 )B.磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4 )
C.磷矿粉[有效成分Ca3(PO4)2 ]D.尿素[CO(NH2)2
11.
除去下列各物质中混有的少量杂质(括号内为杂质),所用除杂试剂及操作方法均正确的是
选项
物质
试剂
操作方法
A
CO2(CO)
O2
点燃
B
NaCl溶液(Na2SO4)
Ba(NO3)2溶液
先加入适量Ba(NO3)2,溶液后过滤
C
CaO(CaCO3)
稀盐酸
滴加适量稀盐酸
D
Cu(Fe)
稀硫酸
先加入适量稀硫酸,再过滤、洗涤、干燥
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
12.
实验室有失去标签的四种化肥,已知可能是硫酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、硫酸钾。现各取少许进行鉴别,下列物质中能将上述肥料一次性区分开来的试剂是
A.蒸馏水B.氢氧化钡溶液C.稀盐酸D.硝酸钡溶液
13.
某农技站货架上待售的化肥有NH4 NO3、KNO3、CO(NH2)2,其中缺少的肥料品种是
A. 氮肥     B. 磷肥 C. 钾肥 D. 复合肥
14.
(09眉山)下列化肥中,从外观即可与其他化肥相区别的是()
A.硝酸钾B.碳酸铵C.氯化钾D.磷矿粉
15.
南靖县实验中学开办的课外化学兴趣小组曾经介绍过联合制碱法(也就是“侯氏制碱法”),下列有关联合制碱法的原料(氯化钠、二氧化碳、氨气、水)与产品(碳酸钠、氯化铵)的说法不正确的是
A.碳酸钠广泛应用于玻璃、造纸、纺织和洗涤剂的生产
B.氯化钠在自然界中分布很广.海洋、盐湖、盐井、盐矿等都是氯化钠的来源
C.侯氏制碱法消耗了二氧化碳.极大地缓解酸雨的形成
D.氯化铵与熟石灰粉末混合研磨,放出具有刺激性气味的氨气

4.选择题(共8题)

16.复数i+2i2+3i3+4i4+…+2016i2016的虚部是(   )
17.阅读表达。

    To me, music is food and water. I can't live without it. I know this is not true for everybody. Usually lots of people go to concerts or listen to music records. Maybe some of you don't do these and you get along quite well, but music is everywhere in our life. For example, when you see movies or watch TV plays, will you find them interesting if there is no music? I'm sure you will find them boring. And when you are waiting for the train or the plane, you would like some music because it makes the time seem shorter.

    Some people like to sit by the sea and listen to the sound of the sea. Some enjoy listening to the singing of birds. Those sounds are some kind of music. So music has a meaning for everyone to some extent. (程度) Of course, it has special meaning for people like me. We spend our lives playing or writing music.

    Someone said," Through music a child goes into a world of beauty, learn to take care of others and makes his mind and body healthy." Music is really an important part of our life.

18.阅读表达。

    To me, music is food and water. I can't live without it. I know this is not true for everybody. Usually lots of people go to concerts or listen to music records. Maybe some of you don't do these and you get along quite well, but music is everywhere in our life. For example, when you see movies or watch TV plays, will you find them interesting if there is no music? I'm sure you will find them boring. And when you are waiting for the train or the plane, you would like some music because it makes the time seem shorter.

    Some people like to sit by the sea and listen to the sound of the sea. Some enjoy listening to the singing of birds. Those sounds are some kind of music. So music has a meaning for everyone to some extent. (程度) Of course, it has special meaning for people like me. We spend our lives playing or writing music.

    Someone said," Through music a child goes into a world of beauty, learn to take care of others and makes his mind and body healthy." Music is really an important part of our life.

19.

在人类中,Klinefelfer综合症表现为中间性别,其性染色体为XXY。若患者的性染色体异常为父方引起,则是因为精原细胞形成精子的过程中(   )


20.

在人类中,Klinefelfer综合症表现为中间性别,其性染色体为XXY。若患者的性染色体异常为父方引起,则是因为精原细胞形成精子的过程中(   )


21.阅读理解

    You're not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.

    No. 1: Stick to a sleep schedule

    Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces (加强) your body's sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired.

    No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat and drink

    Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine — which take hours to wear off — can ruin quality sleep.

    No. 3: Create a bedtime ritual

    Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep.

    No. 4: Get comfortable

    Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

    Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you — or insist on separate sleeping quarters.

    No. 5: Limit daytime naps

    Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep — especially if you're struggling with poor sleep quality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon.

If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight — which adjusts your internal clock — doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep.

    No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routine

    Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.

    No. 7: Manage stress

    When you have too much to do — and too much to think about — your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend.

    Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night — but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.

22.

小王五年前筹资开了一家“好再来”小饭馆,自己既当老板又当服务员,后来生意越来越火,成立了“好再来股份有限公司”,有十几家餐饮连锁店分布全国各地,小饭馆的经营形式是(    )

23.汤姆坐在玛丽和比尔中间。

Tom sits {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Mary {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Bill.

5.填空题(共3题)

24.
化学与我们的生活有着密切的联系。现有六种物质:①二氧化硫;②碳酸氢钠;③硝酸铵;④熟石灰;⑤氧气;⑥稀硫酸。请选择合适的物质填空(填化学式)。
(1)发酵粉的主要成分之一是________。(2)供急救病人呼吸的是________。
(3)能导致酸雨的气体是________。  (4)可用于金属表面除锈的是________。
(5)可用于改良酸性土壤的是________。(6)可作氮肥的是________。
25.
已知A﹣E是初中化学的常见物质.A和D是两种常见的碱;B是一种常见的酸,且只含有两种元素;C是一种钠盐.它们相互间转化或发生反应的关系如图所示.(“﹣”表示两种物质间能发生化学反应,“→”表示两种物质间的转化关系.)

请回答:
(1)B的化学式是   ,C的化学式是   
(2)C→E发生的反应,属于      反应.(填基本反应类型)
(3)C与D反应的化学方程式是   
26.
小明家是种植蔬菜的专业户,他学习了化学后告诉父母:施用适量的氮肥可以使种植的蔬菜叶色浓绿。因此,
(1)他建议其父母去买的氮肥应该是 。(填字母)
A.碳酸氢铵[NH4HCO3]    B.硫酸钾[K2SO4]    C.磷矿粉 [Ca3(PO4)2]
(2)他还告诫父母在施用氮肥的同时 (填“能”或“不能”)施用草木灰。
理由是      。
(3)他还建议父母经常向大棚中补充气体肥料CO2,目的是
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    科学探究题:(2道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(12道)

    选择题:(8道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:5

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:1