2013届山东省济南市长清区中考一模化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:299494

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2014/1/23

1.简答题(共1题)

1.
2012年4月15日,央视《每周质量报告》报道:一些企业用皮革废料熬制工业明胶,在加工过程中添加重铬酸钾,在加热条件下重铬酸钾分解,反应的化学方程式为:4K2Cr2O74K2CrO4+2X+3O2↑,工业明胶制造药用胶囊,导致胶囊重金属铬超标.铬是一种重金属元素,能对肝、肾等内脏器官和DNA造成损伤.在通常情况下,铬单质是银白色有金属光泽的固体,有较高的熔点,是最硬的金属;在加热时,能与浓硫酸反应生成硫酸铬(其中铬元素化合价为+3价),同时还生成一种大气污染物和一种常见的液体.
回答下列问题:
(1)K2Cr2O7中铬元素的化合价是     价;分解生成X属于   ;(填物质类型)
(2)归纳铬单质的物理性质 
(3)铬单质与浓硫酸反应生成的大气污染物是     

2.计算题(共1题)

2.
为测定某赤铁矿石中氧化铁的质量分数,某化学兴趣小组的同学用过量的一氧化碳与10g赤铁矿石样品充分反应(杂质不参与反应),并将生成的气体用100g氢氧化钠溶液恰好完全吸收,形成不饱和溶液.该溶液总质量与反应时间的变化关系如图.试分析解答:

(1)赤铁矿石中所含主要物质的颜色为:     
(2)实验中多余的一氧化碳能否用水吸收?     
(3)上述反应中产生二氧化碳的质量为      g.
(4)计算实验结束后所得不饱和溶液中所含溶质的质量.

3.单选题(共7题)

3.
生活中的下列变化中,属于化学变化的是
A.冰雪熔化B.高粱酿酒C.干冰升华D.玉石刻章
4.
根据下列三种微粒结构示意图,所获取信息正确的是
A.①、②微粒的化学性质相同B.它们表示三种元素
C.③中元素的常见化合价是+2价D.①表示的是阳离子,③表示的是原子
5.
向AgNO3溶液中加入一定质量的Al、Cu的混合粉末,充分反应后过滤,得到滤渣和蓝色滤液.关于该滤渣和滤液的下列四种说法中,正确的是()
A.向滤渣中加入稀盐酸,一定有气泡产生
B.向滤液中加入稀盐酸,一定有沉淀产生
C.滤渣中一定含有Ag,可能含有铜
D.滤液中一定含有Cu( NO32,一定不含AgNO3,不一定含有Al(NO33
6.
有一部分潮解和变质的苛性钠样品14.6g,为检验其变质的程度,向其中加入100克质量分数为14.7%的稀硫酸,测定反应后溶液的pH值为7.则样品中钠元素的质量为()
A.2.3gB.5 gC.6.9 gD.14.2g
7.
健康的食品关系千家万户,下列有关做法中,合理的是
A.用工业石蜡或滑石粉给瓜子“抛光、美容”
B.用“明胶+色素”制作“人造鱼翅”
C.用适量的小苏打使面包松软可口
D.将过期奶粉掺入合格奶粉继续售卖
8.
下列设计的实验方案中,不能达到目的是()
A.用稀盐酸溶液鉴别烧碱溶液和苏打水
B.用燃烧的方法除去二氧化碳中的一氧化碳
C.用灼烧闻气味区分羊毛绒和棉线
D.用硝酸银溶液和稀硝酸检验海水中是否含有氯离子
9.
我国确定2013年“六•五”世界环境日的主题为“同呼吸 共奋斗”,旨在倡导全社会群策群力,节能环保.下列做法与此相符的是(  )
A.废旧电池无法使用,直接丢入垃圾
B.及时清扫垃圾,就地焚烧
C.利用泉水洗车,减少浪费
D.开发“可燃冰”,大力推广新能源

4.选择题(共11题)

10.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    After Steve Jobs died,his friend Larry Ellison said something like this,"There will never be another Steve Jobs". {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Larry wrote this list of Steve's life lessons to remind us all.

Love what you do.

    Surely Steve became a billionaire when he brought Apple back. Apple was his calling— even after he got fired from the company. We all have bad jobs at one point in our lives. But the question is: am I in the right job? Have I found the right company? Life doesn't go on forever. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Don't do it all by yourself.

    Steve learned a great leader can't do it all by himself. He needs people. They must be talented. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} They must be given the opportunity to succeed and fail. In short, we have to learn to be a great leader if we want to see our great ideas and hard work truly have an influence on the world.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Apple is always the best at creating a new product that meets the exact needs of users. It's empathy (共鸣) that helps Apple achieve this. Whenever the user has the first touch with a new Apple product, he says "Wow, it's just what I need". Remember, you're King in the business world if you know exactly what consumers desire.

Don't mess around with your health.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} That's the most important lesson from Steve's life. It's great to learn from him now, but the fact is that he should still be here if he had treated his cancer properly. Instead, Steve chose a naturopathic (自然疗法) solution that wasn't effective. When he finally decided to take his doctor's original advice, it was too late.

A. Be the best in your field.

B. They must be inspired.

C. Get on our right path now.

D. Take your health seriously.

E. Put yourself in the other person's shoes.

F. Will this lead to a successful career?

G. What are the key things that we can learn from him?

11.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    After Steve Jobs died,his friend Larry Ellison said something like this,"There will never be another Steve Jobs". {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Larry wrote this list of Steve's life lessons to remind us all.

Love what you do.

    Surely Steve became a billionaire when he brought Apple back. Apple was his calling— even after he got fired from the company. We all have bad jobs at one point in our lives. But the question is: am I in the right job? Have I found the right company? Life doesn't go on forever. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Don't do it all by yourself.

    Steve learned a great leader can't do it all by himself. He needs people. They must be talented. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} They must be given the opportunity to succeed and fail. In short, we have to learn to be a great leader if we want to see our great ideas and hard work truly have an influence on the world.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Apple is always the best at creating a new product that meets the exact needs of users. It's empathy (共鸣) that helps Apple achieve this. Whenever the user has the first touch with a new Apple product, he says "Wow, it's just what I need". Remember, you're King in the business world if you know exactly what consumers desire.

Don't mess around with your health.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} That's the most important lesson from Steve's life. It's great to learn from him now, but the fact is that he should still be here if he had treated his cancer properly. Instead, Steve chose a naturopathic (自然疗法) solution that wasn't effective. When he finally decided to take his doctor's original advice, it was too late.

A. Be the best in your field.

B. They must be inspired.

C. Get on our right path now.

D. Take your health seriously.

E. Put yourself in the other person's shoes.

F. Will this lead to a successful career?

G. What are the key things that we can learn from him?

12.

His {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(同事) were interested in his story.

13.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Andy never wanted to go to bed on time. His parents had explained to him how important it was to go to bed early and get a good rest. But Andy paid no attention to them, and they didn't know what to do until one weekend when they were visiting Andy's grandparents.

    Grandpa Peter heard all about it and said, "This sounds like a job for Tubby." So Andy's parents loaded the cat onto the car and returned home.

That night, at bedtime, the same problem happened. Andy didn't want to go to bed, and even though his parents waited a while to see if Tubby would solve the problem, nothing happened.

    Hours later, Andy finally decided to go to bed. But what a surprise when he entered his bedroom! Tubby was in his bed, totally sprawling out, pot-belly in the air, and snoring like an express train.

    Andy tried to move the cat, but there was no way of moving him an inch. That night he hardly slept, lying on one tiny corner of his bed.

    The next day the same thing happened, even though Andy was much more tired from not having slept well. When the third day arrived, he had understood that if he wanted to sleep in his bed, he would have to get into it before Tubby did. That night, when his parents only started to mention the topic of bedtime, Andy rushed upstairs and dived into bed. His parents could not believe it. They knew nothing about Tubby in the bed, nor did they understand why Andy went to bed on time without complaint. They were so happy about this that they stayed up quite late, celebrating.

14.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    There are many idioms in English. An idiom is a phrase that we can't understand from the meaning of each word. The following are some of them.

As the crow flies

    When a bird flies from place to place, it takes the most direct route. But when people drive, they have to follow roads and often go farther. When people give a distance "as the crow flies", they mean the shortest distance between the two points, not the distance you would have to travel by following roads.

    As Dan and his mum drove along the river, they could see the beach on the opposite side. Dan asked "How far is it to the beach?"

    "It's only about a quarter of a mile as the crow flies" his mother said.

Blow hot and cold

    In one of Aesop's Fables, a man blows on his fingers to warm them up and then blows on his soup to cool it down. In both cases, the man is opening his mouth, but what comes out is different. If a person says one thing and later says the opposite, we say that the person is blowing hot and cold.

    "Is Felicia going to try out for the soccer team this year?" Stacy asked.

    "I don't know," Tricia replied." Last week she was saying yes, but this week she's saying no. She's really blowing hot and cold."

Break the ice

    Nowadays people use the phrase to refer to ending an awkward silence by beginning a conversation.

    It was the first day of summer camp. The four girls began to make their beds in silence. None of the girls knew each other, and no one knew what to say. Finally, one of them broke the ice by saying" Hey, where's everybody from?"

Bury the hatchet

    In native American culture, when two nations agreed to end their war, they buried the hatchet. So to bury the hatchet is to make peace with someone else.

Colin could not excuse his sister for breaking his tennis racket. Finally, his sister said, "Colin, can't we bury the hatchet?"

15.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    There are many idioms in English. An idiom is a phrase that we can't understand from the meaning of each word. The following are some of them.

As the crow flies

    When a bird flies from place to place, it takes the most direct route. But when people drive, they have to follow roads and often go farther. When people give a distance "as the crow flies", they mean the shortest distance between the two points, not the distance you would have to travel by following roads.

    As Dan and his mum drove along the river, they could see the beach on the opposite side. Dan asked "How far is it to the beach?"

    "It's only about a quarter of a mile as the crow flies" his mother said.

Blow hot and cold

    In one of Aesop's Fables, a man blows on his fingers to warm them up and then blows on his soup to cool it down. In both cases, the man is opening his mouth, but what comes out is different. If a person says one thing and later says the opposite, we say that the person is blowing hot and cold.

    "Is Felicia going to try out for the soccer team this year?" Stacy asked.

    "I don't know," Tricia replied." Last week she was saying yes, but this week she's saying no. She's really blowing hot and cold."

Break the ice

    Nowadays people use the phrase to refer to ending an awkward silence by beginning a conversation.

    It was the first day of summer camp. The four girls began to make their beds in silence. None of the girls knew each other, and no one knew what to say. Finally, one of them broke the ice by saying" Hey, where's everybody from?"

Bury the hatchet

    In native American culture, when two nations agreed to end their war, they buried the hatchet. So to bury the hatchet is to make peace with someone else.

Colin could not excuse his sister for breaking his tennis racket. Finally, his sister said, "Colin, can't we bury the hatchet?"

16.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Australia's koalas could die out within 30 years unless immediate action is taken to stop the losing in population, according to researchers. They say development, climate change and bushfires have all combined to reduce the number of wild koalas sharply.

    The Australian Koala Foundation said a recent survey showed the population could have dropped by more than half in the past six years. The number of koalas was once estimated to be more than 100,000, but now is as few as 43,000.

    The foundation collected field data from 1,800 sites and 80,000 trees to calculate the numbers. In one area in northern Queensland estimated to have 20,000 koalas a decade ago, a team of eight people could not find a single animal in four days of searching.

    The foundation said besides problems caused by cutting down forests, hotter and drier conditions because of global warming had reduced the nutritional value of their main food, eucalyptus (桉树) leaves, leading to poor nutrition for them. Koalas, which live in the forests in Australia's east and south, are very picky about what types of the leaves they eat.

    Foundation chief Deborah Tabart said: “The koalas are missing everywhere we look. It's really no tree, no me. If you keep cutting down trees you don't have any koalas.”She is hoping the new figures will persuade the government's Threatened Species Steering Committee (TSSC) to list the koala as threatened. But committee chairman Bob Beeton said a decision was not likely recently and the koala's status as one of the country's favorite animals would not be a factor. “There's a number of species which are attractive and people have special feelings towards them. We don't consider that,” Mr Beeton said.

17.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Australia's koalas could die out within 30 years unless immediate action is taken to stop the losing in population, according to researchers. They say development, climate change and bushfires have all combined to reduce the number of wild koalas sharply.

    The Australian Koala Foundation said a recent survey showed the population could have dropped by more than half in the past six years. The number of koalas was once estimated to be more than 100,000, but now is as few as 43,000.

    The foundation collected field data from 1,800 sites and 80,000 trees to calculate the numbers. In one area in northern Queensland estimated to have 20,000 koalas a decade ago, a team of eight people could not find a single animal in four days of searching.

    The foundation said besides problems caused by cutting down forests, hotter and drier conditions because of global warming had reduced the nutritional value of their main food, eucalyptus (桉树) leaves, leading to poor nutrition for them. Koalas, which live in the forests in Australia's east and south, are very picky about what types of the leaves they eat.

    Foundation chief Deborah Tabart said: “The koalas are missing everywhere we look. It's really no tree, no me. If you keep cutting down trees you don't have any koalas.”She is hoping the new figures will persuade the government's Threatened Species Steering Committee (TSSC) to list the koala as threatened. But committee chairman Bob Beeton said a decision was not likely recently and the koala's status as one of the country's favorite animals would not be a factor. “There's a number of species which are attractive and people have special feelings towards them. We don't consider that,” Mr Beeton said.

18.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Australia's koalas could die out within 30 years unless immediate action is taken to stop the losing in population, according to researchers. They say development, climate change and bushfires have all combined to reduce the number of wild koalas sharply.

    The Australian Koala Foundation said a recent survey showed the population could have dropped by more than half in the past six years. The number of koalas was once estimated to be more than 100,000, but now is as few as 43,000.

    The foundation collected field data from 1,800 sites and 80,000 trees to calculate the numbers. In one area in northern Queensland estimated to have 20,000 koalas a decade ago, a team of eight people could not find a single animal in four days of searching.

    The foundation said besides problems caused by cutting down forests, hotter and drier conditions because of global warming had reduced the nutritional value of their main food, eucalyptus (桉树) leaves, leading to poor nutrition for them. Koalas, which live in the forests in Australia's east and south, are very picky about what types of the leaves they eat.

    Foundation chief Deborah Tabart said: “The koalas are missing everywhere we look. It's really no tree, no me. If you keep cutting down trees you don't have any koalas.”She is hoping the new figures will persuade the government's Threatened Species Steering Committee (TSSC) to list the koala as threatened. But committee chairman Bob Beeton said a decision was not likely recently and the koala's status as one of the country's favorite animals would not be a factor. “There's a number of species which are attractive and people have special feelings towards them. We don't consider that,” Mr Beeton said.

19.

S{#blank#}1{#/blank#} (被困于)in the traffic jam, he failed to arrive on time.

20.

I do hope you can come up with a better s{#blank#}1{#/blank#}(解决办法)to the problem.

5.填空题(共5题)

21.
继“毒馒头、毒奶粉”后,2013年2月上海公布的“毒校服”事件再次触动了人们的敏感神经.毒校服中检出的芳香胺染料会转化为20多种有毒芳香胺(联苯胺(C6H4NH22、对氯苯胺ClC6H4NH2等),长期接触人体,会引起病变和诱发癌症.

(1)联苯胺(C6H4NH22属于      (填“混合物、无机物、有机物、合金”之一),其中碳、氢、氮原子的个数比为   
(2)对氯苯胺ClC6H4NH2中所含元素质量分数最小的是    元素;
(3)生活中的下列做法你认为不会危害人体健康的是   
①在果汁中加入“塑化剂”使其口感更好
②为保持香肠肉质鲜美,添加过量的亚硝酸钠
③在煲好的鸡汤中放入适当的加碘食盐.
22.
如图所示为实验室中常见的气体制备、净化、收集和性质实验的部分仪器(组装实验装置时,可重复选择仪器).

试根据题目要求,回答下列问题:
(1)若用铁粉和稀盐酸(盐酸具有挥发性)反应制取并收集干燥的氢气.
①制取并收集干燥的氢气所选仪器的连接顺序为   (填写仪器序号字母).
②制取氢气的反应方程式为      
③进行实验前,首先要做的一步工作是    
(2)小明同学欲用一氧化碳气体(含少量二氧化碳和水蒸气)测定10克不纯氧化铜样品的纯度(杂质不参与反应),并验证反应中气体生成物的性质.所选仪器的连接顺序为:B1→C→D→B2
①写出装置B1中发生反应的化学方程式   
②装置D中观察到的实验现象是   
③假设实验结束后,测得B2装置的质量比反应前增加了4.4克,由此推算出装置D中固体的质量减少了   克.
④小明同学的设计方案有一明显的不足,这样操作可能造成的后果是   
23.
甲、乙、丙三种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示,请回答:

(1)25℃时,将25g甲固体加入到50g水中,充分溶解并恢复到原温度后,得到溶液的质量为 g。
(2)若甲固体中含有少量乙,则提纯甲的方法是 (填“蒸发结晶、降温结晶”之一)。
(3)将25℃时乙的饱和溶液升温到35℃,则其溶液的溶质质量分数    (填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)
(4)35℃时,分别用等质量的甲、乙、丙配制该温度下的饱和溶液,所得溶液的质量最小的是
(5)如图所示,35℃时,A、B两试管中分别盛有甲、丙的饱和溶液,并都有少量固体存在。若向试管外盛有水的烧杯中加入某固体物质后,A试管内固体明显减少,B试管内固体逐渐增多。则加入的物质可能是    (写出一种物质的化学式)。
24.
按要求从氧气、氯化银、氢氧化铁、水银、氧化镁、硝酸、硫酸钾中选取合适的物质,将其化学式填写在下列横线上.
(1)一种金属氧化物   
(2)可做化肥的盐   
(3)难溶于水的碱    
(4)容易挥发的酸    
25.
现欲探究一固体混合物A的成分,已知其中可能含有NaNO3、NH4Cl、CuO、Fe、Cu(OH)2、MgSO4六种物质中的两种或多种.按如图所示进行实验,出现的现象如图中所述(设过程中所有可能发生的反应都恰好完全反应).

试根据实验过程和发生的现象填写以下空白:
(1)气体D能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变为     色.
(2)固体H的化学式是     
(3)溶液F中一定含有的酸根离子有(写离子符号)     
(4)根据步骤②你能确定混合物中一定存在的一种物质是   (只写一种,填化学式),你判断的依据是   
(5)步骤②中生成白色沉淀E的有关反应的化学方程式   
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(1道)

    计算题:(1道)

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(11道)

    填空题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:0