2012年黑龙江省哈尔滨市中考化学模拟试卷1

适用年级:初三
试卷号:298153

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2012/3/8

1.简答题(共3题)

1.
小娟和小雪两名同学在做稀盐酸与碳酸钠反应实验的时候,有了新的发现,请你帮他们分析原因。
小娟同学向盛有碳酸钠溶液的试管中滴加少量稀盐酸没有发现气泡,小雪用同样的试剂,向盛有稀盐酸溶液的试管中滴加少量碳酸钠溶液发现有发现气泡。请解释原因
2.
哈尔滨位于广袤的松嫩平原上,这里有肥沃的黑土地,在建国初期,由于经济的落后,加上自然灾害。粮食不够居民实用,很多农民以土豆为主食。请回答。
(1)土豆富含的营养素是    ,其作用为
(2)请你谈谈使用天然有机肥料的看法
3.
某石灰厂用石灰石煅烧制生石灰,欲测定石灰石(石灰石中除碳酸钙外其他杂质不与酸反应也不溶于水)中碳酸钙的质量分数,请回答问题
(1)配制240g的10%稀盐酸,需要质量分数40%的稀盐酸的体积是 (此盐酸密度1.2g/cm3
(2)把石灰石粉碎,加稀盐酸溶解的方程式为
(3)若40g石灰石恰好与新配制的稀盐酸219g完全反应,求解40g石灰石中碳酸钙的质量为X的比例式为  
(4)此石灰石中碳酸钙的纯度为
(5)若某建筑工地需要生石灰4.2万吨(含氧化钙95%)在煅烧的过程中共损失5%的生石灰,则需要这样的是会石的质量是  

2.单选题(共12题)

4.
北京成功的举办了2008奥运会,下面有关“祥云火炬”的说法错误的是()
A.亮银底色下红色祥云图纹从炬身正中部向上升腾,强烈地体现出中国传统艺术与现代设计的交融
B.祥云火炬长72厘米,重985克,燃烧时间15分钟,在零风速下火焰高度25至30厘米,在强光和日光情况下均可识别和拍摄。
C.火炬制作材料为轻薄高品质的铝合金,是可回收的复合材料
D.火炬下半部喷涂高触感红色塑胶漆,其作用增大摩擦
5.
下列有关资源正确的是()
A.我国的纯碱资源比较丰富,可以用纯碱来制取大量食盐.
B.我国是世界上已知矿物种类比较齐全的少数国家之一,矿物储量也很丰富,铜、铝、锰等储量居世界前列
C.石油是一种重要的资源,有石油的地方一般都有天然气
D.可利用的淡水资源占全球水储量的2.53%
6.
区分下列各组物质所用的两种方法不完全正确的一组( )
物质
区分的物质
区分方法
A
蒸馏水和自来水
①加热②滴加硝酸银溶液
B
食盐和面碱
①品尝②做馒头
C
黄金和黄铜
①灼烧②测密度
D
黑醋和酱油
气味②尝味道
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
7.
下图表示X、Y两种不含结晶水的固体物质的溶解度曲线。根据图示,判断下列说法中错误的是( )。
A.X、Y都是易溶物质
B.t℃时,X、Y的饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数相等
C.将t1“℃时X、Y的饱和溶液均分别降温到t℃,X溶液中析出晶体的质量比Y的多
D.当X的饱和溶液中含有少量Y时,不能通过降温结晶的方法提纯X
8.
下列对一些事实的解释不正确的是( )
 
事实
解释
A
乙醇可以制造饮料,而甲醇有毒
物质组成元素不同,分子结构也不同
B
0℃时水结成冰,而海水在一1.9℃才会结冰
海水中溶解的盐电离出的离子,妨碍了冰晶体的形成
C
溶液之间的化学反应比固体之间的化学反应快
参加反应的粒子在溶液中接触的机会比在固体中接触的机会多
D
KMnO4,溶液和K2SO4,溶液的颜色不同
两种溶液中的阴离子不同
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
9.
下列化学方程式符合变化事实的是()
A. 铝在空气中易形成氧化膜:4Al + 3 O2Al2O3
B. 实验室用氯酸钾制氧气:2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2
C. 蒸馒头时,用纯碱中和发面时产生的酸:Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 = 2NaNO3 + CO2↑ + H2O
D. 烧碱与三氧化硫反应: 2NaOH + SO2="==" Na2SO3+ H2O
10.
除去下列物质中的杂质,所需药品(括号中的物质)选择不正确的是(  )
A.NaCl溶液中含有少量的Na2SO4[Ba(NO32溶液]
B.CO2中含有少量的水蒸气(浓硫酸)
C.NaOH溶液中含有少量的Na2CO3(石灰水)
D.铜粉中含有少量的氧化铜(稀盐酸)
11.
3.小明周末帮妈妈去买菜,妈妈说小明最近厌食,让他买点富含锌元素的食品,他应买(   )

A.①②③B.②③C.①②③④D.①②
12.
随着科学的进步,大大改善了人类的衣食住行和卫生健康等条件,提高了生活水。下列有关健康叙述正确的是(   )
①花生米不但富含油脂和蛋白质,糖类的含量也较高,是一种性价比很高的食品
②随着癌症患病率的增加,应多吃含硒的食品
③维生素由200多种,多数在人体内不能合成,需要从食物中摄取,饮食中要注意补充蔬菜水果等含维生素较多的食品
④幼儿正处于生长发育阶段,需要摄入比成人更多的钙
A.②③④B.②④C.①④D.④
13.
从科学的角度来看,下列说法正确的是()
A.冬天用煤炉取暖,为防止热量散失,应关紧门窗
B.进入古井前,应先做灯火试验
C.一次性塑料袋使用方便又经济,应大力提倡生产
D.油锅不慎着火,应立即用大量的水冲灭
14.
下列公共标志中属于安全标志的是()
A.②③④B.①③④C.①②③④D.③④
15.
用一定量的稀硫酸与20g的8%氢氧化钠溶液恰好完全反应。如果把这种氢氧化钠换成11.2%的氢氧化钾,那么恰好反应时,用去氢氧化钾溶液的质量为(    )
A.22.4gB.20gC.11.2gD.56g

3.选择题(共11题)

16.

    Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success inschool, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems.

Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play

    When 6-year­-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other's arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”

    Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship isnot simply child's play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

A Skill for Life

  “Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr. Robbie Adler­Tapia, psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.

    Researcher William Hartup states,“Peerrelations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, butrather, how well a child gets along with other children.

    The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being ableto make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.

Good Friendships Don't Just Happen

    Experts agree that it is essential forchildren to establish high­quality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don't necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involvedparents.

    Psychologist Dr. Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

Bad Company

    Many parents worry about the quality aswell as the quantity of their child's friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,”says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn't need a ‘friend’ like that.”

    “I'll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” Adler­ Tapiasays. “I don't look at it as manipulation (操纵),just positive parental involvement.”

17.

    Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success inschool, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems.

Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play

    When 6-year­-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other's arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”

    Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship isnot simply child's play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

A Skill for Life

  “Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr. Robbie Adler­Tapia, psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.

    Researcher William Hartup states,“Peerrelations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, butrather, how well a child gets along with other children.

    The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being ableto make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.

Good Friendships Don't Just Happen

    Experts agree that it is essential forchildren to establish high­quality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don't necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involvedparents.

    Psychologist Dr. Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

Bad Company

    Many parents worry about the quality aswell as the quantity of their child's friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,”says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn't need a ‘friend’ like that.”

    “I'll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” Adler­ Tapiasays. “I don't look at it as manipulation (操纵),just positive parental involvement.”

18.

已知一次函数y=kx+b的图象如图所示,则关于x的不等式k(x+2)+2b>0的解集为{#blank#}1{#/blank#} .

 

19.

    A Korean wave issweeping across China, with many Chinese women worshiping South Korean actorsKin Soo hyun and Lee Min ho as demigods(偶像). Chinese netizens(网民) always have different opinions. Over South Korean TV dramas, but there is no doubt that programs from the neighboring country are now enjoying a new round of popularity in China, And a big part of the credit for that goes to You Who CameFrom The Star, the South Korean TV series which is on the air now.

    You Who Came FromThe Star and The Heirs (继承者们) have been subjects of hot online discussions throughout Asia. Besides, the book, The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane, read by the hero You Who Came From The Star was a hard to get item on Amazon for a while.

    The two TV programs have several common elements (因素): a tall, handsome, and rich hero who loves the heroine blindly and always protects her, and an equally handsome man madly in love with the same woman . Both programs describe the purity of love, which is expressed through a kiss or a warm hug. Perhaps that's the secret of their success: perhapspeople still like Cinderella type stories.

    The widening wealth gap is a matter of social concern both in South Korea and China, and the challenges that young people face in their hope for a better life might have caused many ordinary girls to dream of marrying rich, caring men. This is precisely what the popular South Korean TV drams describe. In fact,South Korean TV dramas are tailored to meet the market's demands.

    Many netizens evensaid at an earlier time that South Korean TV dramas had become popular because of their stereotyped (模式化的) themes: traffic accidents, cancer and other incurable diseases. But all that has changed with the success of You Who CameFrom The Star and The Heirs, which Chinese directors can use as examples, aswell as inspiration, to improve their productions.

20.

写作

假设你的英文名为Jack,是英国诺丁汉大学的中国留学生。你负责为在该校就读的32名中国学生筹划暑假期间的苏格兰之行,为期7天,请你给诺丁汉的STA(Students' Travel Agency)经理Phil发一封电子邮件,联系有关事宜。要点如下:

1希望能够派车接送;

2 需要一名说标准英语,并非常熟悉苏格兰的导游;

3请求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅馆、费用等情况;

4你的联系方式:电子邮箱地址:Jackwang@yahoo.com.cn或电话号码:07747745007

注意:1)词数:100词左右;

2)开头和结尾已为你写出,不计入总词数;

3)参考词汇:诺丁汉大学NottinghamUniversity; 旅馆住宿accommodation;旅行日程安排itinerary;长途客车coach。

Hi, Phil,

    I'd like you to organize a trip toScotland for us.

21.

类推的思维方法在化学学习与研究中经常用到,但有时会产生错误的结论.因此,推出的结论最终要经过实践的检验才能决定其是否正确.以下几种类推结论中,正确的是(  )

22.

根据元素周期律和物质结构的有关知识,以下有关排序正确的是(  )

23.

根据元素周期律和物质结构的有关知识,以下有关排序正确的是(  )

24.

根据元素周期律和物质结构的有关知识,以下有关排序正确的是(  )

25.

A、B、C、D为四种短周期元素,已知A、C同主族,B、C、D同周期:A的气态氢化物比C的气态氢化物稳定; B的阳离子比D的阳离子氧化性强;B的阳离子比C的阴离子少一个电子层.下列叙述正确的是(  )

26.

    Erica McElrath calls herself “ The Happy Lady”. And by now, you may have caught her singing and dancing with her mp3 player on any of several city street corners. “ I don't want money,” said McElrah, 40, of St. Louis. “ I come out here to make people smile.”

    McElrah lost herfull-time job in January. Since then, she has spent her days doing what she loves-dancing in the street. Her message to people in hard times: do something that you enjoy, no matter what your circumstances. “ Life isn't that bad,” shesaid. “ If you're working 40 hours a week, you shouldn't be complaining.”

    McElrah graduated from parkway Central High School and has spent the past 21 years working as a nursing assistant, She began singing and dancing publicly on her days off a few years ago to help her through the pain of her second divorce.

    Her favorite spotis the northwest corner of Chouteau Avenue and South Grand Boulevard near St.Louis University. McElrah's mp3 player is loaded with hundreds of classic rockhits and 80's pop songs, including those by Joe Cocker, Tina Turner, NeilDiamond and Toto. But her favorite artist, by far, is Stevie Nicks.Videos of McElrah have appeared on YouTube, a video-sharing website on which users canupload, share, and view videos. “People think I'm crazy, but I don't care,” Shesaid. “ I can dance a little. I just go with the music.” Even a rude gesture from a passing motorist doesn't bother her either. “ I just smile and wave,”she said.

    McElrah's show of bravery recently earned her a job opportunity with Liberty Tax Service, which temporarily offered her a job as a dancer Statute of Liberty to promote a new place near Grand Center starting in January.

  “Just be happy anddo what you love,” she said. “The money will come.”

4.填空题(共3题)

27.
在卖氮肥的商店或厕所里,人们回常闻到一股呛鼻的气味,这是氮肥或人尿分解出来的一种有刺激气味的气体——氨气,氨气无色,极易溶于水,氨气不能燃烧,但能在一定条件下被氧气氧化,因此它是工业上制备硝酸的重要原料,原理是再加热和催化剂(铂铑合金网)下可与O2反应生成低价氮的氧化物和水,氨气还能与许多酸反应,生成铵盐(常用做化肥),因此氨气在工农业生产上有广泛应用。
氨气的性质有___________________________________________________________;
工业制硝酸的方程式为________________________________;反应前后氮元素的化合价分别为_______________________________。
28.
小明收集到下列一些药品及仪器,想制取某种气体。

(1)所能制取的气体选择的仪器和药品是__________________发生反应的化学方程式___________________________
(2)若用所给药品中的另一种制取该气体,还需要添加的药品是____________
(3)画出收集该气体的装置示意图

(4)说出该气体的一条化学性质____________相应的用途___________
29.
下面是有关铁的化合物,假设A可以生成B,就用AB 来表示。
(1)请把这五种物质的转化关系用表示出来。

(2)请写出一个有氢氧化铁生成的反应的方程式     ,反应中的现象为

5.实验题(共1题)

30.
小刚和小强用图甲和图乙所示实验来探究可燃物燃烧的条件。他们都选择了白磷做可燃物,试验设计如下图:

(1)小刚用图甲所示装置进行实验,观察到的现象是  
  
(2)小强用图乙所示装置进行实验,发生反应的方程式是
(3)小刚认为可燃物只要与空气接触就能燃烧,小刚认为可燃物的温度达到着火点就能燃烧,请从实验设计的严密性上评价小刚和小强的观点,并谈谈你的理由
  
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(3道)

    单选题:(12道)

    选择题:(11道)

    填空题:(3道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:5

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:9

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:1