1.综合题- (共2题)
① CH3OCH3(g) + H2O(g)

② CH3OH(g) + H2O(g)

③ CO2(g) + H2(g)

其中反应③是主要的副反应,产生的CO能毒害燃料电池Pt电极。请回答下列问题:
(1)二甲醚可以通过天然气和CO2合成制得,该反应的化学方程式为
。
(2)CH3OCH3(g)与水蒸气重整制氢气的热化学方程式为
。
(3)下列采取的措施和解释正确的是 。(填字母序号)
A.反应过程在低温进行,可减少CO的产生
B.增加进水量,有利于二甲醚的转化,并减少CO的产生
C.选择在低温具有较高活性的催化剂,有助于提高反应②CH3OH的转化率
D.体系压强升高,对制取氢气不利,且对减少CO的产生几乎无影响
(4)在温度相同的3个密闭容器中,按不同方式投入反应物,保持恒温、恒压,发生反应①,测得反应达到平衡时的有关数据如下。
容器 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 |
反应物投入量 | 1mol CH3OCH3、1mol H2O | 2mol CH3OH | 1mol CH3OH |
CH3OH的浓度(mol/L) | c1 | c2 | c3 |
反应的能量变化 | 吸收a kJ | 放出b kJ | 放出c kJ |
平衡时体积(L) | V1 | V2 | V3 |
反应物转化率 | α1 | α2 | α3 |
下列说法正确的是 。(填字母序号)
A. a+2c="37 " B. α1 + α2="1" C. V1 > V3D. c1=2c3
(5)以二甲醚、空气、氢氧化钾溶液为原料,石墨为电极也可直接构成燃料电池。该电池中负极上的电极反应式是 。
①CuCl可以由CuCl2用适当的还原剂如SO2、SnCl2等还原制得:

②CuCl2溶液与乙二胺(H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2)可形成配离子:

请回答下列问题:
(1)基态Cu原子的核外电子排布式为 。H、N、O三种元素的电负性由大到小的顺序是 。
(2)SO2分子的空间构型为____________。与SnCl4互为等电子体的一种离子的化学式为
。
(3)乙二胺分子中氮原子轨道的杂化类型为 。乙二胺和三甲胺[N(CH3)3]均属于胺,但乙二胺比三甲胺的沸点高的多,原因是_ 。
(4)②中所形成的配离子中含有的化学键类型有_______。(填字母)
a.配位键 b.极性键 c.离子键 d.非极性键
(5)CuCl的晶胞结构如右图所示,其中Cl原子的配位数为_____。

2.推断题- (共1题)
(1)葡萄糖在酒化酶的作用下转化为乙醇的化学方程式是 。
(2)香豆素是一种用途广泛的香料,它可以利用乙醇和B通过以下途径合成。

① D的结构简式是 ;
② 完成下列化学方程式:
E在一定条件下发生加成聚合反应: ;
E→香豆素: ;
③ B有多种同分异构体,其中含有苯环且核磁共振氢谱有四个峰的所有同分异构体的结构简式是 ;
④ 有关香豆素的说法正确的是 (填字母)。
a.只能与溴单质发生加成反应,不能发生取代反应
b. 1mol香豆素可与5molH2发生加成反应
c. 1mol香豆素可与2molNaOH发生反应
d. 1mol香豆素完全燃烧消耗9.5molO2
3.选择题- (共4题)
I learned to do wood work when I was very young.
I remember I made my first project—a small table when I was 9 years old. I was so 1 of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(an) 2. It was absolutely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to3 it. I could hardly wait to give it to Mother Winters as a(an)4. She was the head mistress of our orphanage(孤儿院), who was always kind but 5 with us.
As the tables were not dry from the clear coating(清漆), our woodworking teacher told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories. But I was just so 6and happy that I couldn't wait I dashed out like a 7, carrying my table, smiling from ear to ear.
When I reached the dormitory I placed the little table beside my bed. I was 8 it when Mother Winters entered. She walked over to the table. Running her hand 9 it, she noticed that it was still wet.
“Were you 10 to bring this home?” she asked.
“No, ma'am,” I 11 with my head down.
She ordered me to throw the table out and so I did. After she left, I immediately opened the door to get it back. There was 12 stuck all over. I brushed and cried, but the dirt would not come off.
I hid the table in my closet and never 13 it. However, a year later during a cleaning-up, it was discovered. Painfully, I had to give the table to Mother Henderson, my houseparent, thinking that she would 14 it away.
Thirty years later at a reunion, I 15 that Mother Henderson was living nearby, so I drove up to see her. We talked cheerfully for long. As I was about to leave, she asked me to come down to her 16 to get something important. I followed her 17 into a dark corner. She picked something up. 18 she turned around, I could see that she was holding a little table.
Mother Henderson kept the little table that I had given up for lost so long ago.
Today, I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of 19 to Mother Henderson, who kept the table for a young orphan who 20 it so much.
三条直线AB,CD,EF,如果AB∥EF,CD∥EF,想一想直线AB与CD可能相交吗?为什么?
(1)假设直线AB与CD相交,设交点为P;
(2)因为AB∥EF,CD∥EF,于是经过点P就有两条直线AB,CD都与EF平行,根据平行公理,这是不可能的;
(3)这就是说,AB与CD不可能相交,只能平行.
上述(1)(2)(3)是一种推理过程,这种推理方法叫做反证法.
仿照(1)(2)(3)的推理过程,写出“两条直线相交,只有一个交点”的推理过程.
4.单选题- (共3题)

A.硼酸加入水中抑制水的电离 |
B.硼酸是三元酸 |
C.硼酸与强碱在溶液中反应:H3BO3+OH-=[B(OH)4]- |
D.硼酸是两性化合物 |

A.Al2H6跟水的反应可能是氧化还原反应,产物之一可能是氢氧化铝 |
B.Al2H6在空气中完全燃烧,产物为氧化铝和水 |
C.Al2H6分子是极性分子 |
D.氢铝化合物可能成为未来的储氢材料和火箭燃料 |
5.多选题- (共2题)

A.该物质的分子式为C12H18ON2Cl2 |
B.该物质中不存在手性碳原子 |
C.该物质的分子中有8种化学环境不同的氢原子 |
D.该物质能发生的反应类型有:加成反应、酯化反应、消去反应、氧化反应等 |
物质 | 电离常数 | 和溶解度(25℃) | ||||
C6H5OH | K=1.28×10-10 | S = 9.3g/100g水 | ||||
H2CO3 | K1 =4.3×10-7 | | ||||
K2 =5.6×10-11 | | |||||
| 组别 | 操作 | 判断依据 | |||
A | 盐酸和碳酸 | 往碳酸钙固体中滴加盐酸 | 观察有无气体产生 | |||
B | 碳酸与苯酚 | 往苯酚钠饱和溶液中,通入足量CO2 | 观察溶液是否变浑浊 | |||
C | 碳酸与苯酚 | 配制同物质的量浓度的碳酸钠溶液和苯酚钠溶液 | 比较溶液的pH | |||
D | HCO3-与苯酚 | 在苯酚悬浊液中,加入过量的 Na2CO3溶液 | 观察悬浊液是否变澄清 | |||
|
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |
6.填空题- (共1题)

(1)电解时,甲同学发现电极a附近溶液出现浑浊,请用离子方程式表示原因________________________________________________________________________。
(2)一段时间后,你认为C中溶液可能出现的现象是________________________,请用离子方程式表示原因______________________________________。
(3)实验结束后,乙同学将A中的物质冷却后加入到H2S溶液中发现有气泡出现,但加入到稀盐酸中却没有任何现象。请用化学方程式和简要的文字解释原因:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
(4)随着反应的进行,兴趣小组的同学们都特别注意到D中溶液红色逐渐褪去。他们对溶液红色褪去的主要原因提出了如下假设,请你完成假设二。
假设一:B中逸出的气体与水反应生成的物质有强氧化性,使红色逐渐褪去;
假设二:___________________________________________________。
(5)请你设计实验验证上述假设一,写出实验步骤及结论:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
7.实验题- (共1题)

有关物质在水中溶解度(g/100gH2O)如下:
温度 | 10℃ | 20℃ | 30℃ | 溶解度:20℃NaF—4 0℃NH4F—100; 常温Na2SiF6微溶于水 |
NH4Cl溶解度 | 33.3 | 37.2 | 41.4 |
请回答下列问题:
(1)操作Ⅰ需要用到的玻璃仪器有 。
(2)上述流程中发生两步反应,化学方程式为 ,
。
(3)操作II的作用是 ,
操作Ⅲ的具体过程是 。
(4)流程中NH4HCO3必须过量,其原因是
_______________________________________________________________________。
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【1】题量占比
综合题:(2道)
推断题:(1道)
选择题:(4道)
单选题:(3道)
多选题:(2道)
填空题:(1道)
实验题:(1道)
-
【2】:难度分析
1星难题:0
2星难题:0
3星难题:0
4星难题:3
5星难题:0
6星难题:7
7星难题:0
8星难题:0
9星难题:0