1.综合题- (共1题)

研究一:镁与盐酸反应过程中的能量变化以及反应速率的变化:
(1)反应中试管外壁发烫,说明镁与稀盐酸反应是________反应(填“吸热”或“放热”)
(2)实验测得镁片产生气体的速率(v)与时间(t)的关系如图1所示,则t1-t2时间内反应速率逐渐加快的主要原因是___________;
研究二:反应后所得溶液的酸碱性探究:
(3)甲同学反应后用pH试纸测定试管中溶液的酸碱性,发现pH小于7,说明甲同学所得溶液呈_______性(选填“酸”“碱”或“中”);
甲同学:猜想Ⅰ:稀盐酸过量,使溶液pH小于7;猜想Ⅱ:氯化镁溶液pH小于7。为验证猜想甲同学需测定_________溶液的酸碱性,实验表明该溶液显弱酸性;
(4)乙同学重复甲同学实验时,发现反应后所得试管中溶液pH大于7。发现实验与甲同学实验不同的是,反应后的试管中镁条有剩余。乙同学猜想可能是镁与热水反应生成了碱性物质。乙同学为验证猜想,在滴有两滴酚酞的热水中放入一段打磨过的镁条,观察到溶液很快变为红色,同时还观察到镁条表面有气体生成,收集并点燃该气体,发现能燃烧,请根据实验现象写出镁与水反应的化学反应方程式____________;
(5)金属氯化物溶液pH值大小与金属的活动性有关,如氯化钠溶液显中性,氯化镁溶液显弱酸性,则氯化钾溶液显___________性;
(6)活泼金属能与水在一定条件下反应.实验发现钠与冷水剧烈反应,产生大量的气体.由此可见金属与水反应与金属的活动性顺序___________(填“有关”或“无关”);
研究三:金属活动性强弱与原子结构的关系:
(7)如图2为镁原子、钙原子和钡原子结构示意图.已知其中Ba的活动性最强,据此推测,金属的活动性除与原子的最外层电子数有关,还与____________有关;
研究四:确定镁条的成分:
称取3.2g表面被氧化的镁条,放入100g稀盐酸中恰好完全反应,生成气体0.2g.求:
(8)此镁条中金属镁的质量_________.(写出计算过程)
(9)反应后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数____________(计算结果保留一位小数)。
2.科学探究题- (共1题)

(1)写出图中标号仪器的名称:①_________,②__________;
(2)实验室用氯酸钾制取并收集一瓶干燥的氧气,应选用的装置组合是________(填字母序号);
(3)用氯酸钾和二氧化锰制备氧气时,二氧化锰在反应中的作用是_________,利用下列流程分离并回收充分反应后的剩余固体,请回答下列问题;

①操作m的名称是________,操作m和操作n中都用到的玻璃仪器是_________,操作m中该仪器的作用是__________;
②在分离并回收剩余固体的过程中需要控制水的用量,原因有________(填标号);
A.提高实验效率
B.保证剩余固体全部溶解
C.节约能源
③若测得回收到的氯化钾固体质量比理论值大,原因可能是________(答一点)。
(4)实验室用H2O2溶液和MnO2混合制氧气,该反应的化学方程式为_______,同学们利用B和F装置,通过排水量来测定生成氧气的体积,反应结束后,发现量筒内收集到的水的体积总是比理论值偏大(水的体积测量准确),其主要原因是________;
(5)若用如图所示医用塑料袋排空气法收集H2,则H2导入端为__________(填“a”或“b”);
(6)用图2中I所示的矿泉水瓶进行对比实验,可以证明CO2与NaOH溶液确实发生了反应,应做的对比实验是_________;CO2与NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式为__________。
3.简答题- (共1题)

(1)P点的含义是__________;
(2)t2℃时30ga物质加入到50g水中不断搅拌,能形成80g溶液吗?_______(填写“能”或“不能”);
(3)t2℃时a、b、c三种物质的溶解度按由小到大的顺序排列是_______(填写物质序号);
(4)将t1℃时a、b、c三种物质饱和溶液的温度升高到t2℃时,三种溶液的溶质质量分数大小关系是_____________(填写选项序号)

4.单选题- (共11题)
A.酸碱中和反应生成盐和水,则生成盐和水的反应一定是中和反应 |
B.化合物都是由不同元素组成的,则不同元素组成的物质一定是化合物 |
C.含碳元素的物质充分燃烧会生成CO2,燃烧能生成CO2的物质一定含碳元素 |
D.碱溶液的pH>7,则pH>7的溶液一定是碱的溶液 |
A.白藜芦醇由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成 |
B.白藜芦醇中碳、氢、氧元素的个数比为14:12:3 |
C.白藜芦醇的相对分子质量为228 |
D.白藜芦醇中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为14:1:4 |
A.将某溶液降温后,其溶液的溶质质量分数可能不变 |
B.相同温度下,同一物质的饱和溶液所含溶质一定比不饱和溶液多 |
C.饱和溶液一定是浓溶液,不饱和溶液一定是稀溶液 |
D.一定温度下,物质的溶解度随水的量的变化而变化 |
A.化工厂废水的任意排放是引起雾霾天气的主要原因 |
B.只要带口罩,就不怕雾霾天气对人体产生伤害 |
C.雾霾天气成因复杂,可能与工地扬尘、工业燃煤、汽车尾气排放有关 |
D.焚烧垃圾,能有效防止“雾霾天气”出现 |
选项 | 实验目的 | 操作1 | 操作2 |
A | 除去氮气中少量的氧气 | 通过灼热炭粉 | 通过灼热铜丝网 |
B | 区分软水和硬水 | 加入肥皂水 | 过滤 |
C | 区分氯化钙和碳酸钙固体 | 加水 | 加稀盐酸 |
D | 区分黄铜(铜锌合金)和黄金 | 观察颜色 | 加稀盐酸 |
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |
5.选择题- (共3题)
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning. In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey1the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in2clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old3, lady?” asked one of them.
I was4. I wanted to say “no” until my eyes were5their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“6 and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked7and sat down at the table. Their wet sandals left marks upon the8. I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight9the freezing cold outside.10 I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice,“Lady, are you11?”
I looked at my old sofa covers(沙发套). The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)12 and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was13with a need that no amount of food could
supply. They left after that,14 their papers against the wind. They hadn't said “Thank you.” They didn't need to. They had15me that I had so much for which to be grateful. Plain blue china cups and saucers were16worth five pence. But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these17,too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and18the living room. The muddy(沾上泥的)19 of small sandals were still wet upon my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to20how rich I am.
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning. In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey1the doorbell rang. I opened the front door and saw two small children in2clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old3, lady?” asked one of them.
I was4. I wanted to say “no” until my eyes were5their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“6 and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked7and sat down at the table. Their wet sandals left marks upon the8. I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight9the freezing cold outside.10 I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me. I looked in. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice,“Lady, are you11?”
I looked at my old sofa covers(沙发套). The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)12 and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was13with a need that no amount of food could
supply. They left after that,14 their papers against the wind. They hadn't said “Thank you.” They didn't need to. They had15me that I had so much for which to be grateful. Plain blue china cups and saucers were16worth five pence. But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup. Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these17,too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and18the living room. The muddy(沾上泥的)19 of small sandals were still wet upon my floor. Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to20how rich I am.
6.多选题- (共1题)
A.若混合物为Fe、Cu,m一定小于0.2g |
B.若混合物为Fe、A1,m可能是0.2g |
C.若混合物为Fe、Cu,则稀盐酸中溶质质量分数一定小于7.3% |
D.若混合物为Fe、A1,则稀盐酸中溶质质量分数可能是7.3% |
7.填空题- (共2题)
(1)2个氢原子____________(2)3个氨分子____________ (3)硫酸根离子____________(4)氯化镁中镁元素的化合价____________
写出下列反应的化学方程式
(1)湿法炼铜_________;(2)铜绿受热分解_________;(3)实验室制二氧化碳_______;(4)氢氧化铝中和胃酸过多_______。
A.氧气 | B.氮气 | C.武德合金 | D.氢氧化钠 E.石墨 F.氖气 ”中选择相应物质的字母填空。 |
(3)常用作粮食、瓜果保护气的是_______;(4)可用于制铅笔芯的是________;
(5)能用作干燥剂的是________;(6)能用来制霓虹灯的是__________。
8.实验题- (共1题)
(1)水是生命的源泉.生活中所用的自来水属于______________(填“混合物”或“纯净物”)。
(2)生活常用____________________的方法,既可降低水的硬度,又能杀菌消毒。
(3)电解水的化学方程式:_______________________________;水和双氧水都含有相同的元素,但化学性质不同,原因是_____________________。
(4)在生产生活中水是最常用的溶剂,实验室用蔗糖配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液时,可能涉及以下操作:

①上图操作中有错误的是__________________(填序号)。
②改正错误后,表示正确的操作顺序是________________(填序号)。
A.⑤②①③④ | B.⑤①②③④ | C.⑤③②④① | D.⑤③①④② |
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【1】题量占比
综合题:(1道)
科学探究题:(1道)
简答题:(1道)
单选题:(11道)
选择题:(3道)
多选题:(1道)
填空题:(2道)
实验题:(1道)
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【2】:难度分析
1星难题:0
2星难题:0
3星难题:0
4星难题:3
5星难题:0
6星难题:12
7星难题:0
8星难题:2
9星难题:1