To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and what you wish to 【小题1】 by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject so that they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, with to 【小题2】 the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to 【小题3】? The language and tone you use must be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information delivered to a group of your friends.

Furthermore, however talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. To speak without preparing is to 【小题4】 without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject is definite and not too broad.