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    李白凤1914年3月出生于成都。他从小受到良好的家庭教育和艺术熏陶。1925年,李白凤进入天津扶轮中学读书。不久他又随长兄来到青岛,在铁路中学学习。1931年,“九·一八”事变后,李白凤因参加学潮运动,加上在《大公报》上发表文章非议时局,被勒令退学。当时青岛有个传播进步文化的“荒岛书店”,他成了那里的常客,阅读不少进步书籍,还认识了常来书店看书的臧克家、崔嵬、于黑丁等文化人士。1934年李白凤考入北平民国学院国文系学习,师从林庚。戴望舒1936年10月创办了《新诗》杂志,李白凤在上面发表不少作品引起诗坛注目,并与施蛰存、戴望舒、吴奔星等现代派诗人成为很好的朋友。

    抗战爆发后,李白凤一度靠写诗文为生。李白凤的夫人后来在书中写道:“1941年初秋,白凤离开南宁来到桂林这一大后方的文化名城……使他的文艺创作更贴近火热的抗日斗争。”在桂林,李白凤结交了端木蕻良、田汉、安娥、尹瘦石、陈迩冬等文化界名流,又经端木蕻良的介绍认识了老前辈柳亚子先生和欧阳予倩先生。此时的李白凤满腔热情地搞起文艺创作,积极宣传抗日救国。

    1946年6月,李白凤来到上海暂居柳亚子家中,后在朋友介绍下到财政局工作并找到住处。当年他是中国诗歌协会理事,工作之余全力以赴搞文艺创作。这个时期所写的诗歌多发表在《诗创造》《新诗》《大公报》等报刊杂志上。由于上海物价飞涨,李白凤曾在柳亚子的支持下,挂牌为人治印来补贴生活。

    1949年夏季,解放军的炮声逼近上海,李白凤拒绝了本家侄子送来的去台湾的船票。李蓉裳记得李白凤当时说:“好不容易盼到了这一天,怎能走啊!”1950年,李白凤响应党的号召,第一批报名支援东北建设。

    佟培基教授在一篇文章中写道,1957年春夏之交,在高校“大鸣大放”中,李白凤贴出《长歌当哭》一组18首七律,受到批判。佟培基教授从一个文件盒中拿出一份1957年7月《人民文学》刊发的一篇李白凤的文章《给诗人们的公开信》说,就是因为这篇文章,当年8月李先生被错划为“极右派”,隔离审查后于1958年被送往西华县农场劳教。1963年4月李白凤劳改期满,失职居家,只靠夫人的工资维持生活。他白天接受劳动改造,晚上回家再开始读书、练书法。佟培基教授说,李白凤走遍开封的古旧书肆,寻搜南明野史笔记约97种,深夜挑灯相互校勘比对,渐渐草成《小腆纪年校补》《明史校补》《张苍水集笺注》等。这个时候他和施蛰存又开始了通信,两人探讨学问,互通有无。

    1966年夏,“文革”冲击到了开封,“破四旧”的时候,李白凤苦心收集的书籍、资料被红卫兵拉出4车全部焚毁。就是在这种环境下,李白凤仍然不坠青云之志,他刻制一方“十年不制衣”的石印用以自勉。

    1969年,青年佟培基在桑凡先生的介绍下认识了李白凤。佟培基教授说,李先生平易近人,那种高雅的气质和文人风骨让人心存敬意。孙作云先生曾说:“像白凤先生这样的人还如此醉心于学术事业,足使当今破坏中华民族文化传统者耻。”

    1978年春天,李白凤被平反。正当他踌躇满志要大干一番的时候,却于当年8月18日病逝于开封。

(摘编自刘海永《诗剑平生任我行,困顿流离栖汴京》)

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    A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated (复杂) than realized.

    Niels C. Rattenborg of the University of Wisconsin—Madison wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep.He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year.They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn.In the game, the sparrows had to peck (啄) three buttons (按钮) in a certain order to get a food treat.The scientists discovered that the birds' ability to learn the right button order depended on (依靠) two things, the time of year and the

amount of sleep the birds had.

    During the migration (迁徙) season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual.Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they'd had a regular night of sleep.Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep.

    The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual.If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep.Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it's better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam.