See a cell phone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting "print" on your computer. You might find it hard to believe that you could actually "print" an object as you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷) ink onto paper line by line, modem 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.

    Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin (树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is — from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair —the smoother and finer the object will be. This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3-D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it.

    Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry — printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000, while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC. Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3-D printing can create just about anything you can think of --- flutes (笛子), bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3-D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.

    However, as 3-D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems —such as piracy. "Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?", an expert in 3-D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3-D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?

对一只蝴蝶的关怀

李汉荣

    ①初夏的一个上午，我去河边散步，看见河湾的岸边一个小男孩和小女孩神情紧张专注，好像在讨论一件重要的事情。我轻轻走近他们，才看见他们正在营救一只在水面上盘旋挣扎着的花蝴蝶。那蝴蝶也许翅膀受伤了，跌入水中又使翅膀过于沉重而无法飞行。小男孩将一枝柳条伸向水面，但柳条太短，小女孩又折了一枝柳条，解下自己的红头绳将两根柳条接起来，终于够着那只蝴蝶了，然而它仍然不配合，不知道赶快爬上这小小“生命线”。小女孩急忙摘下头上的蝴蝶形发卡，系在柳条的一端，让小男孩投向水面的蝴蝶附近，示意它：这是你的同伴来搭救你了，你不认识我们，你总该认识你的同伴吧。果然，那弱小的蝴蝶扇动几下翅膀，缓缓地挨近这一只“蝴蝶”，缓缓地爬上这只“蝴蝶”结实的翅膀，小男孩慢慢地将柳条移向岸边，蝴蝶终于上岸了，两个孩子快乐得又说又笑起来。

    ②我以为事情到此结束了，然而，两个孩子又商量起了这只蝴蝶今后的生活。他们小心地把蝴蝶放在阳光下的草地上正开放着的一丛野蔷薇花上，让它一边晒太阳，一边汲取花蜜。但是，他们仍觉得这种安排不到家，他们担心贪嘴的鸟啄食了这需要安静疗养的可怜蝴蝶，就采了几片树叶搭起一个简易的绿色“避难所”，将蝴蝶护在里面。他们相信，待它安静休息一些时候，伤口愈合，体力恢复，它就能重新飞舞在春天的原野上。

    ③今天上午我本来是不准备出门的，想待在家里读书或写作。不知道什么原因我还是出门了。多亏我走出了门，在书本之外，我读到了春天最纯洁、最生动的情节。在我小小的文字之外、在生硬的键盘之外，两个孩子和那只蝴蝶、那片水湾，组合成真正满含温情和诗意的意象。在我的思路之外，孩子们的思路才真正通向春天深处，通向万物深处，通向心灵深处。

    ④在回家的路上，我想了许多。我觉得我的善心比孩子们淡漠得多也少得多，或许我更关心的是自己的生存、利益、脸面、尊严，而对其他生命和生灵的生存处境及他（它）们所受到的伤害，并不是太关心，即使关心，也不是感同身受和倾力相助，即使关心了，也并非完全不求回报。总之，我觉得，仅就善良、纯洁这些人性中最美好的东西而言，我们不是与日俱增，而是与日俱减。人随着年龄的增长、阅历的加深，人性中的“水土流失”也会逐渐加剧，内心的河流渐渐变得混浊，泥沙俱下。细想来，这是多么可惜的事情。人性的好水土流失了，纯真情怀少了，实用理性多了，率真少了，算计多了，在这一多一少的增减过程里，人们的情感和心灵，就渐渐出现轻度或重度的“荒漠化”了。由这样荒漠化的人组成的人群和社会，岂不是大沙漠？那时不时呼啸着扑面而来、飞沙走石、遮天蔽日的，莫不是人性和人心的沙尘暴？

    ⑤那两个可爱的孩子，他们是这个早晨的天使。他们对一只蝴蝶的同情、对事物的爱，是真正出自善良的天性和纯洁的内心。除了爱，他们没有别的动机，爱在爱中满足了。不求回报的爱，才是大爱 、真爱。不求回报的爱，也许才会获得事物本身乃至整个大自然更丰厚的回报。

（选自《读者》2016年第3期，有删改）