阅读下文，完成下列各题。

动物的节能术

      ①蛇的耐饿本领源于它们那一套节约能量的技术。人们一摸到猫或狗身上，总是感到热呼呼的，可是一摸到蛇的身上，却是冷冰冰的。这是因为前者是恒温动物，后者是变温动物。恒温动物的身体，好像是只具有恒定温度的炉子，为了保持恒定的体温，就要消耗体内的能源物质。可是，作为变温动物的蛇就省去了这笔能量开支。它们一年四季的体温不同，就是同一天中的体温也随外界温度变化而有较大的变动。所以，它们体内动用的能源物质，远比恒温动物少。拿重量相等的猪和大蟒蛇相比较，如果猪每天消耗150份单位重量的能源物质的话，那么蛇只要1份就够了。

      ②与此同时，蛇类吸收营养成分的效率特别高。一口气连吞四五只小白鼠，对蛇来说是并不稀奇的。有时，它们还能吞食比自己大而且长的食物。一般地，只要5天左右的时间，蛇就把吞进肚里的食物消化完了，连骨头也消化得精光，只剩下一些兽毛和鸟羽从粪便中排出来。消化以后，这些营养成分便在体内贮存起来。正因为在能量的积聚和消耗上能“开源节流”，所以蛇的耐饿本领特别高强。

      ③龟是寿命很长的动物。1766年法国探险家把一只大龟带到了毛里求斯岛上，到1918年，由于爬上炮床而被士兵“就地正法”了。这只龟是在成年时被捉住的，看来它的寿命至少也有180年。新陈代谢缓慢，能量消耗较少，是龟长寿的一个重要原因。

      ④骆驼是一种能长时间忍耐干渴的动物，人们把它叫做“沙漠之舟”。骆驼之所以能耐干渴，是因为在它的驼峰里装满脂肪。脂肪在氧化产生热量的同时，也产生了水分。骆驼不仅能贮水，而且善于保水。它很少出汗，排尿量也少得可怜。别的动物如果小便不多，不能排出尿素等废物，就会中毒。骆驼却可以通过肝脏，利用尿素制成新的蛋白质。

      ⑤近年来，科学家已经发现，骆驼耐渴的奥秘就在它特殊的机体功能。骆驼的血浆中有一种特殊的蛋白质，可以保持血液中的水分；每当体内的水分明显损耗时，这种蛋白质仍能维持血液中的水分，保证血液循环的正常进行。科学家把骆驼血浆内的这种蛋白质注射到兔子体内，结果这些兔子在沙漠中断水7天，体内水分丧失30%之后，仍未死去；而没有注射过这种蛋白质的兔子，失水10%就夭折了。

      ⑥动物的能量利用率也是很高的，在这方面鸟类可算是佼佼者了。哺乳动物每奔跑1千米，100克体重大约消耗2400焦耳的能量；鸟类每飞行1千米，100克体重只消耗680焦耳的能量；后者所消耗的能量不到前者的 $\frac{1}{3}$ 。有一种金鸻（一种群居海滨的鸟），每年春秋季节往返于阿拉斯加和夏威夷群岛，在海洋上空不吃也不睡，一口气飞4000多千米，体重只减轻0.06千克。

                                                                                                                                                       （节选自丛书第三册88页，有改动）

多音字组词

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阅读理解

    If you're a high school student，you may tend to measure your self－worth based on your popularity and status.You may feel dejected or disappointed if you have a difficult time fitting in or if you lack the confidence to talk to others.If you want others to like you，you'll need to have a healthy understanding of how people think，what appeals to them and how you can gain their approval.There are four tips on how to be popular in high school.And if you are popular with your classmates，you can get many benefits from it.

    You must be yourself in order to gain any real popularity in high school.While imitation is the sincerest form of flattery(奉承)，copying another's style and personality will have a negative effect on your popularity.If you're not comfortable enough to be yourself 100 percent of the time，others won't feel comfortable around you.If you establish your own style and finesse and stay true to yourself，popularity will soon follow.

    Make yourself approachable to appeal to others and be popular in high school.People love to be around others who are confident and ready to have a good time.Hold your head up high，keep your shoulders back，and smile as you walk with an air of confidence to instantly attract others and boost your popularity.

    Be friendly and kind to everyone you meet.It's not enough to gain the approval of the other popular students in your school.In order to gain real popularity，you'll need to be kind and polite to everyone you meet.Make an effort to talk to your classmates regardless of their popularity or economic status and try to develop friendships with them.The more people you appeal to，the more popular you'll become.

    Involve yourself in school activities that interest you.You can be popular in high school if you play an active role in your school's extracurricular activities(课外活动)．The more you participate in group activities，the more popular you'll become.

通常，需要借助光学显微镜才能完成的实验有