题干

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一在他们眼里,“财富就是金银,金银就是财富,要提高国民财富,就要增加国家拥有金银的数量”,他们“主张通过贸易顺差获得金银财富”。

——郭冠清《西方经济思想史导论》

材料二国有企业往往左右一国的经济与社会的发展,英国国企经历了如下变化:

1945年7月艾德礼取代丘吉尔出任英国首相

1945年底,议会通过大英银行国有化法案。此后陆续在其他部门推行国有化,战后英国政府对经济的全面干预展开。

1979年5月撒切尔夫人出任英国首相

1980年代开始,大规模出卖国企,减少国家对经济的干预,逐渐形成政府干预与市场调节相结合、并存的“混合经济”

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    Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests(客人) with things like disposable (一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.
    Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources (资源) and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.
    Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life:  Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school dining-room, use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
    To protect our environment and our home, it is very necessary and important for us to save natural resources.