题干

材料一:我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力,谨庄严宣告:这些联合殖民地从此成为,而且名正言顺地应当成为自己独立的合众国,它们解除对于英王的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。
(1)上述材料出自美国历史上哪一部文献?颁布该文献的机构是什么?文中的“殖民地”所指的是何地?
材料二: 马克思针对19世纪中期的美国指出:“当前南部与北部的斗争不是别的,而是两种社会制度……之间的斗争。”
(2)材料二中所说的“两种社会制度”指什么?这“两种社会制度”的矛盾最终导致了什么战争的爆发?
材料三:1876年,美国在费城番办了第一次世博会,通过世博会向世界展示了一个新兴工业国家的崛起。在展厅中的千百台机械轰鸣声中,美国向世界宣布:“我来了”!
(3)联系19世纪中期以来美国的发展历程,说说1876年的美国作为“一个新兴工业国家”崛起的主要原因有哪些?
(4)美国自建国到现在不过三百来年的历史,现在是世界上最强大的国家,你从中可以得到何认识。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)《独立宣言》;大陆会议;英属北美殖民地。
(2)制度:资本主义经济制度(资本主义工业经济、资本主义工业)、种植园奴隶制经济(种植园经济、种植园奴隶制)侧重经济或者经济制度,答出社会制度是错误的,不给分。战争:美国内战(南北战争)。
(3)原因:美国内战,扫清了发展资本主义的内部障碍;抢占第二次工业革命先机等。
(4)言之有理即可。

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    We were on the way from Hutchinson to Chicago for a short spring break. For many years I had wanted to take my family on the train. We all had been to Chicago four years ago, and the kids loved it. Chicago is one of my favorite cities, too, so the thought struck me again last fall to ride the train to Chicago. Of course, flying would have been faster. But I don't think flying is easier, especially these days, with all the security and waiting in lines at airports.

    Though we were tired in the middle of the night, the kids got on the train with the exhilaration of this adventure. “We're moving,” my son William shouted happily with big eyes as the train began to pull away from the Hutchinson station.

    I removed my shoes and lay down to try to finish my night's sleep. The sleeper car would have better enabled that, but the ordinary train seats were not too bad. An airline flight is a more miserable experience for me: not enough room, two hours of pain with my knees almost touching my chin, the hard seatback in front cracking my kneecaps (膝盖) with every move of the body planted in front of me. On the train I could almost outstretch all of my 6-foot-2-plus body in the generous legroom.

    The journey didn't feel at all as long as it was. We all found the train ride a joy. The car ride would have felt every minute of 13 hours. But on the train you are free to walk around, sit in the observation carriage for a while and enjoy the scenery out the windows, have a nice meal in the dining car, read a book, or play a board game.

    In short, the train is all about enjoying the trip, which isn't something I do so much when traveling by airline or by car, when the trip seems more of a mission (任务) to get there than an experience to enjoy along the way.

    Chicago offers much to do for a family. This time, getting there was half the fun.