阅读下列材料：
材料一 要成功地把西方现代文明引入传统社会的制度层面，需要掌握制度创新的适度性，改革只宜采取缓进的方式。而戊戌变法主持者企图短期（103天）内变更整个“皇朝行政体制”对旧官僚集团的既得利益触动过重，过于激烈的变革行为，导致潜在的反对者转变为公开的反对者，从而扩大了本来就很强大的反对派阵营。                                                       ——马克垚主编《世界文明史》（中）
材料二 经过明治维新而渐趋富强的日本，利用强盛的国力，逐步废除与西方列强签订的不平等条约，收回国家主权，摆脱了沦为殖民地的危机；在1895、1904年分别在甲午战争和日俄战争中击败昔日清帝国与俄罗斯，成为称雄一时的亚洲强国。但其改革遗留了许多问题，如天皇权力过大、土地兼并依然严重等封建残余现象，与日后发生的一系列日本难以解决的社会问题相互影响，使得日本走上了侵略扩张的道路。这不仅给被侵略国家，也给日本人民带来了极大的灾难。                                                   

——吴于廑 齐世荣主编《世界史》（近代史编）
材料三 在中国这样一个拥有13亿多人口的国家深化改革，绝非易事。中国改革经过30多年，已进入深水区，可以说，容易的、皆大欢喜的改革已经完成了，好吃的肉都吃掉了，剩下的都是难啃的硬骨头。
——***《改革要敢于啃硬骨头 但不能犯颠覆性错误》
请回答：（1）根据材料一，概括戊戌变法失败的原因？
（2）根据材料二，简评明治维新改革，并结合所学知识举例说明，20世纪30年代，走上侵略道路的日本给重庆人民带来了极大灾难。
（3）综合上述材料，对于今天我们深化改革你有何认识？

一共有多少个苹果？

阅读理解

    When people find something valuable and return it to its owner，they are often given a reward．This is because the person not only found what was lost but also spent time finding its owner or taking it to the police station．

    There was once a young boy who found a woman's purse in a shopping center．Inside the purse there was some money and the woman's driving license．Her name and address were printed on the license，so the boy knew where she lived．That evening he went to her house and knocked on her door．When she opened it，he said，“I found your purse，''and handed it to her．

    “Thank you very much，”she said．She opened her purse and took out all the money．She wanted to give the boy a small reward，but there were only bills of$20 in the purse and she thought that$20 was too much to give the boy．“I'm sorry，”she said. “but I don't have any small change to give you．”

    The boy said，“That's all right，”and he went away．

    A few days later he found another woman's purse．It also had her driving license in it，so he knew where she lived．He went to her house and said．“l found your purse ,”and handed it to her．

    “Thank you very much，"she said．  She opened her purse and took out all her money．

    “That‘s strange，”she said．“Before I lost my purse l had a $100 bill and a $20 bill in it．Now I have a $100 bill ,a $10 bill and two $5 bills．''

    “Yes，"the boy said，and smiled．