China is fully prepared to export a full supply chain of high-speed railway technology, according to industry experts.

    China Railway Corp, the national rail operator, said exports of railway equipment and railway construction projects are proceeding well, and breakthroughs are being made in a number of projects overseas.

    Among the projects, the first full-chain commission, the Jakarta to Bandung high-speed railway in Indonesia, which includes technology, design, construction, equipment manufacture, supply of resources, operations management and staff training, has been granted a construction permit and work is proceeding smoothly.

    “China's railways have established a comprehensive and advanced technology system, which is able to provide overseas customers with solutions from many different perspectives, including financing, construction, operations, and research and development,” said Yang Zhongmin, the CRC's deputy chief engineer, who added that China's railway system is competitive in terms of technology and economy of use.

    According to Yang, the nation's railway equipment and infrastructure (基础设施) service businesses have entered markets in Asia, Europe, North America and Africa.

    Last year, Joko Widodo, president of Indonesia, and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, rode Chinese-made bullet trains.

    Yang Hao, a professor of rail transportation management at Beijing Jiaotong University, said China has a major advantage in that it is able to export a full range of railway technology: “For example, it is inconvenient to import the technology for the signaling system from one country and civil engineering technology from another.”

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The electricity ____last night，for the workers were examining the electric wires.(cut)

中国石拱桥

茅以升

    ①石拱桥的桥洞成弧形，就像虹。古代神话里说，雨后彩虹是“人间天上的桥”，通过彩虹就能上天。我国的诗人爱把拱桥比作虹，说拱桥是“卧虹”“飞虹”，把水上拱桥形容为“长虹卧波”。

    ②石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。这种桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固，能几十年几百年甚至上千年雄跨在江河之上，在交通方面发挥作用。

    ③我国的石拱桥有悠久的历史。《水经注》里提到的“旅人桥”，大约建成于公元282年，可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。这些桥大小不一，形式多样，有许多是惊人的杰作。其中最著名的当推河北省赵县的赵州桥，还有北京丰台区的卢沟桥。

    ④赵州桥横跨在洨河上，是世界著名的古代石拱桥，也是造成后一直使用到现在的最古的石桥。这座桥修建于公元605年左右，到现在已经一千三百多年了，还保持着原来的雄姿。到解放的时候，桥身有些残损了，在人民政府的领导下，经过彻底整修，这座古桥又恢复了青春。

    ……

    ⑤永定河上的卢沟桥，修建于公元1189到1192年间。桥长265米，由11个半圆形的石拱组成，每个石拱长度不一，自16米到21．6米。桥宽约8米，路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩，把11个石拱联成一个整体。由于各拱相联，所以这种桥叫做联拱石桥。永定河发水时，来势很猛，以前两岸河堤常被冲毁，但是这座桥却极少出事，足见它的坚固。桥面用石板铺砌，两旁有石栏石柱。每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些石刻狮子，有的母子相抱，有的交头接耳，有的倾听水声，有的像注视行人，千态万状，惟妙惟肖。

    ⑥早在13世纪，卢沟桥就闻名世界。那时候有个意大利人马可·波罗来过中国，他的游记里，十分推崇这座桥，说它“是世界上独一无二的”，并且特别欣赏桥栏柱上刻的狮子，说它们“共同构成美丽的奇观”。在国内，这座桥也是历来为人们所称赞的。它地处入都要道，而且建筑优美，“卢沟晓月”很早就成为北京的胜景之一。

（选自茅以升《中国石拱桥》）