题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:宋朝建国后,即从海路展开对外贸易。北宋与海外诸国的贸易往来一般有两种方式。一是由北宋和外国贡使进行官方交易。另一种方式,是大量的民间贸易来往,北宋在主要港口设市舶司管辖。北宋的输出品主要是瓷器、杂色帛以及各种矿产品;输入的多半是供贵族享用的奢侈品,如各种香料、药材、犀角、象牙、珊瑚、玳瑁、苏木等。

明代的对外贸易原有“朝贡贸易”和私人经管的私商贸易两种形式。郑和出使海外诸国,实际上是这种朝贡贸易的扩大。私人的对外贸易活动,虽然受到海禁政策的限制,事实上则在继续发展。南洋所产的香料,是进口商品的大宗货物;其次,进口外国的商品中,手工业原料和织纺品为数最多。综观这时从海外输入的商品,并非只是专供皇室贵族赏玩的珍禽异兽、珍珠宝石之类,其中大部分都与国计民生有着密切的联系。

清王朝在对外贸易的管理上,也体现了禁海闭关政策中的限制原则。在中外商人相互关系的规定上,外国商人只能和中国官方指定的商人进行贸易。然而,这二百年中,不但贸易量在不断扩大,而且和贸易发生联系的金融活动,包括汇兑和放款,也有所发展。通过贸易和金融的势力,西方国家逐渐取得贸易的支配权。这个时期中外贸易上的主要商品,在中国出口方面,以丝、茶、棉布为主。进口商品以毛织品和棉花为大宗。

——摘编自范文澜、蔡美彪等主编《中国通史》

材料二:在品种繁多的进口货中,以鸦片和棉纺织品为最大宗。同治九年到十三年(1870~1874)的五年平均数,鸦片占进口货总值的39.2%,棉纺织品占进口货总值的32.2%,鸦片居于首位。经过20年的发展,到光绪二十年(1894),棉纺织品上升为首位,鸦片下降为第二位。这一时期,中国对外出口主要还是农产品,以茶叶和生丝为最大宗。在中国的出口贸易中,几乎全被外国洋行所控制,农产品和原料受到外国商人的压价掠夺。

——摘编自白寿彝主编《中国通史》

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同类题1

   More than 50,000,000 people live in the rainforests of the world and most of them do not hurt the forest they live in. They eat the fruits that grow on the forest trees, but they do not cut them down. They kill some animals to eat, but they do not destroy them.
When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
   The Yanomami live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil. They have lived in the rainforest for about 10,000 years and they use more than 2,000 different plants for food and for medicine. But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and suddenly 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than a hundred airports. The Yanomami people lost land and food. Many died because new diseases came to the forest with the strangers.
   The Yanomami people tried to save their forest, because it was their home. But the people who wanted gold were stronger.
Many forest people try to save their forests. Chico Mendes was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. “I want the Amazon forest to help all of us-forest people Brazil, and all the Earth,” he said. A few months later, in December 1988, people who wanted to cut down the forest killed Chico Mendes.
   In Borneo, people were cutting down the forest of the Penan people to sell the wood. The Penan people tried to save their rainforest. They made blockades across the roads into the forest. In 1987, they closed fifteen roads for eight months. No one cut down any trees during that time.
   In Panama, the Kuna people saved their forest. They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit.
  The Gavioes people of Brazil use the forest, but they protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil nuts(坚果) which grow on the forest trees.

同类题2

完型填空

阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Every December the radio station in my city makes a program in which all the poor children can send letters asking for some Christmas presents. One day, as I was 1 the radio, I decided to do something, so I asked four of my friends if they wanted to help a poor child. They2.

    After several days, we learned about a 3from a little child called Juan. In his letter, he 4 some blankets and some clothes and also wanted somebody to help his father5 the house because it was in bad 6.

    We told the radio station that we wanted to 7 Juan. After that, we started to think about how to 8 all the money to buy all that Juan 9. After 5 days, we collected much money and bought many things for Juan. We 10 bought some toys as a little 11for Juan.

    12, on December 22 the radio station gave a party in which all the children who asked for help were 13, and all those helping these children.

    In the party we 14 Juan. We played some games with him and gave him the 15we prepared for him. He was very excited and happy, so were my 16 and I.

    That day was one of the most 17 days in my life, and I learned something 18 from it. Giving help to those in need is one of the most meaningful things that you can do19 this makes you feel good and also makes the persons who you are helping 20. I am going to keep doing that all my life!