题干

材料一:人类可利用转基因番茄作为生物反应器生产人胰岛素.所用的人胰岛素基因是依据植物“偏爱”的密码子来设计所含的密码子,通过人工合成若干DNA片段,拼接而成,并且在胰岛素﹣COOH端加上KDEL内质网滞留序列,避免胰岛素在植物细胞中的降解.将该基因置于果实专一性启动子的驱动之下通过农杆菌介导的方法转入番茄中,在番茄的果实中表达人胰岛素.

材料二:T4溶菌酶在温度较高时易失去活性,科学家对编码T4溶菌酶的基因进行改造,使其表达的T4溶菌酶的第3位的异亮氨酸变为半胱氨酸,在该半胱氨酸与第97位的半胱氨酸之间形成了一个二硫键,提高了T4溶菌酶的耐热性.

(1)材料一中基因工程操作是采用____ 方法获得目的基因的.获得的人胰岛素基因与人体细胞中胰岛素基因中编码氨基酸的碱基序列不同,但两者所编码的蛋白质中氨基酸序列相同,这是因为密码子具有____ .要想在体外获得大量该目的基因的片段,可以采用____ 技术.

(2)根据上述描述,转基因操作时所用的载体是____ ,载体上的____ 可以转移至受体细胞,并且整合到受体细胞染色体的DNA上.

(3)材料二属于____工程范畴.该工程是指以分子生物学相关理论为基础,通过基因修饰或基因合成,对____ 进行改造,或制造一种____ 的技术.

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

人工合成,简并性,PCR,农杆菌的Ti质粒,T﹣DNA,蛋白质,现有蛋白质,新蛋白质

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    A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holder's body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.

    Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google's international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.

    Winning the science and technology competition was "a surprise". Ann said, "I think it will have a great influence on my future."

    Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors(晶体管).

    Ann's prize includes $ 25,000 and a "once in a-lifetime expericnce" from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.

    The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friend's experience. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw the friend couldn't study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries - Hollow Flashlight.

    In her project, Ann wrote "I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder's body and the environment around to produce light."

    A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet.

    Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together.

    The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of students in 120 countries.