阅读理解

    Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.

    “Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others,” said Professor Michel Claes, the lead author of the study. “Canadians focus on independence and negotiation. On the other hand, Italians, for example, exercise more control. We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”

    Claes said Canada, France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors. “We chose French­Canadians because they share the same language as France, and originally came from France and share certain values. Italy was included because it was considered to have similar, strong and important family values,” he explained.

    The researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.

    Canadian students reported less control and more free actions, according to the study. Italian parents were stricter and French parents were somewhere in the middle.

    Claes explains that the differences lie in education in Canada, France and Italy.

    “North America has its own educational values, which promote individualization. Tolerance and comprehension are encouraged. Italy, on the other hand, promotes respect of authority, control, and the need for permission.” he said.

    Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative. Italian and Canadian children had similar feelings about their fathers, and reported high levels of emotional ties. But French fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.

    “We were surprised by this,” Claes admitted.“It seems as though the relationships between French mothers and their children were becoming closer over time, while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness, which is more of a source of conflict in France than in the other countries.”

A、B是两个完全相同的电热器，A通以图甲的方波交变电流，B通以图乙所示的正弦交变电流，则两电热器的电功率P_A：P_B等于（   ）

    宋清，长安西部药市^①人也，居善药。有自山泽来者，必归宋清氏，清优主之。长安医工，得清药，辅其方，辄易雠^②，威誉清。疾病庀疡者，亦皆乐就清求药，冀速已。清皆乐然响应，虽不持钱者，皆与善药，积券如山，未尝诣取直^③。或不识，遥与券，清不为辞。岁终，度不能报，辄焚券，终不复言。市人以其异，皆笑之日：“清蚩^④妄人也。”

    或日：“清其有道者欤？”清闻之日：“清逐利以活妻子耳，非有道也。然谓我蚩妄者，亦谬。”

    清居药四十年，所焚券者百数十人，或至大官，或连数州，受俸博，其馈遗清者相属于户。虽不能立报而以赊死者千百，不害清之为富也。清之取利远，远故大。岂若小市人哉？一不得直，则怫然怒，再则骂而仇耳。彼之为利不亦翦翦乎？吾见蚩之有在也。清诚是以得大利，又不为妄，执其道不废，卒以富。求者益众，其应益广。或斥弃沉废，亲与交；视之落然者，清不以怠遇其人，必与善药如故。一旦复柄用，益厚报清。其远取利皆类此。

    吾观今之交乎人者，炎而附，寒而弃，鲜有能类清之为者。呜呼！清，市人也，今之交有能望报如清之远者乎？幸而庶几，则天下之穷困废辱得不死亡者众矣。柳先生日：“清居市不为市之道，然而居朝廷、居官府、居庠塾乡党。以士大夫自名者，反争为之不已，悲夫！然则清非独异于市人也。”

（取材于柳宗元《宋清传》）

【注】①市：买卖场所，后文也指经商、交易。②雠：这里指售出、成交。③直：价值、价钱。④蚩：痴呆、愚蠢。

—What can I do for you, sir?

—I'd like to see the manager　　　of sales department.