(公元65年)冬十月，日有食之。……于是在位者皆上封事，直言得失。帝览章，深自引咎，乃以所上颁示百官，诏曰：“群僚所言，皆朕之过……永览前戒，悚然兢惧。”上述材料所反映的历史现象是(   )

有两名女子在对面的交通信号灯处于红灯状态时带头快步从人行横道斑马线走了过来，路口执勤的交警发现后，立即上前对她们的违法行为进行了制止并给予了罚款。因这两名女子的行为属于(   )

    You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration(启迪).

    Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin

    And now you've accomplished something great and important here, and it's time for you to move on to what's next. And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. ... You must also commit to the adventure. Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed (赐予)with and go.

    J.K. Rowling, Harvard University

    Half my lifetime ago ,I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents who were not rich...But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty(贫穷), but failure. The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure, you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.

    Steve Jobs, Stanford University

    Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith...Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle.

    Bill Gates, Harvard University

    We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities ,smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world's inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.