题干

   (One day Alice runs after a strange rabbit and comes into a deep hole. She becomes smaller when she wakes up the next day. She finds herself in a wonderland with many amazing things inside.)
   The Caterpillar(毛毛虫) and Alice looked at each other for some time in silence. At last the Caterpillar took the pipe out of its mouth, and said to her in a tired, sleepy voice.
   “Who are YOU?” said the Caterpillar.
   This opening for a talk couldn’t make Alice at ease. Alice replied, rather shyly, “I----I hardly know, sir, just at present ----at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then.”
   “What do you mean by that?” said the Caterpillar, “Explain yourself!”
   “I can’t explain MYSELF. I’m afraid, sir.” said Alice, “because I’m not myself, you see.”
   “I don’t see.” said the Caterpillar.
   “I’m afraid I can’t put it more clearly.” Alice replied very politely, “for I can’t understand it myself. And being so many different sizes in a day is very puzzling.”
   “It isn’t.” said the Caterpillar.
   “Well, perhaps you haven’t found it so yet.” said Alice. “But when you have to turn into a chrysalis(蛹,茧)----you will some day, you know ----and then after that into a butterfly, I think you’ll feel it a little stranger, won’t you?”
   “Not a bit.” said the Caterpillar.
   “Well, perhaps your feelings may be different.” said Alice. “All I know is, it would make ME feel very strange.”
   “You!” said the Caterpillar scornfully. “Who are YOU?” The question brought them back again to the beginning of the talk. Alice felt a little angry because the Caterpillar was making such VERY short sentences. She drew herself up and said very seriously, “I think you ought to tell me who YOU are first.”
   “Why?” said the Caterpillar.
   Here was another puzzling question. As Alice could not think out any good reason, and as the Caterpillar seemed to be very unpleasant, she turned away.
   “Come back!” the Caterpillar called after her. “I’ve something important to tell you!”
   This certainly gave Alice some hope. Alice turned and came back again.
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阅读《人究竟比机器强在哪儿》(张贺)一文,回答小题。

    2016年3月15日下午,李世石与人工智能计算机程序AlphaGo(阿尔法狗)对战第五局,最终李世石投子认输。这场举世瞩目的围棋对战以人工智能对人类4:1的结局落下帷幕。

    以往人们认为“机器只会计算不会学习”“计算机只能听从人类的指令而不会创造”,如今在AlphaGo的胜利面前,这些说法不攻自破。学习、思考、创造不再是人类的专利,计算机完全可以具备这些被视为人类专属特征的能力。在可预见的未来,只要是机器能完成的工作将全部由机器担任,哪怕是传统意义上被人类视为独占领域的创造性工作,如音乐、小说、诗歌等也不可能幸免。这样说并非耸人听闻,实际上美国加州大学的科学家已经使计算机学会了自主创作乐曲,模仿巴赫、莫扎特、肖邦风格的“古典音乐”,就连资深乐迷都难辨真伪。IBM的工程师教会了一台名为WATSON的电脑自创菜谱,其食材和组合方式、烹制方法均是人类从未想过的,据品尝过的人说“味道不错”。

    如果90%的工作都能由智能机器代替人做,那么人的本质究竟是什么?人究竟比机器强在哪儿呢?

    尽管人工智能未来会极其强大,但有一个环节取代不了,那就是人与人之间的人际互动。这个世界的所有问题大致可以分成两类,一类是人与物的关系问题,一类是人与人的关系问题。人工智能擅长解决前者,而后者只能靠人自己去解决。举个例子,在今年2月武汉的一场人才招聘会上,有位老父亲替大学生儿子去应聘。很显然,不管这个大学生如何优秀,用人单位都不太可能考虑聘用他。因为除了工作能力,用人单位还看中其他素质——理解力、沟通力,认真、坚韧、献身精神这些对团队成功至关重要的素质必须在面对面的交流中才能感知与评价。

    计算机写出的乐曲再美妙、人工智能烹制出的美食再可口,也很难给人情感上的触动,因为其背后缺了一个必不可少的元素——人。能激发人的欲望、情感、想象和创造的最终是人而不是机器。

    打个不太恰当的比方,人工智能可以解决“从一到无穷”的问题,而人所要解决的是“从零到一”的问题。没有“从零到一”这个环节,就不会有“从一到无穷”的发展。人工智能能“解决问题”,但“提出问题”仍旧是人类的特权。

    人究竟比机器强在哪儿?答案也许就是:人有人性。人性是推动人类超越自己的内在动力。因此,未来最具创造力的人和民族一定是在人性的丰富与深刻程度上领先的人和民族。

    在李世石与AlphaGo的世纪对战中最让人感动的一个段子是,电脑:“你明知一定会输给我,为什么还不投降?”人类:“笨蛋,因为我是人啊。”