阅读理解

    Banks view online banking as a powerful “value-added” tool to attractand keep new customers while helping to eliminate costly paper handling or teller（出纳员）interactions in an increasingly competitive banking environment.

    Today, most large national banks, many local banks and credit unions offer some form of online banking, variously known as PC banking, home banking, electronic banking or Internet banking. Online banks are sometimes referred to as “brick-to-click”banks, both to tell them from “brick-to-mortar” banks that haven't yet offered online banking, as well as from “virtual”（虚拟）banks that have no physical branches or tellers whatsoever.

    The challenge for the banking industry has been to design this new service channel in such a way that its customers will readily learn to use and trust it. Most of the large banks can now offer fully safe , fully functional（功能的）online banking for free or for a small cost. As more banks succeed online and more customers use their sites, fully functional online banking will likely become as common place as automated teller machines (ATM).

    Online banking has a lot of advantages. Unlike your corner bank, online banking sitesnever close; they're at hand 24 hours a day, seven days a week and they're amouse click away. If you're out of state or even out of the country when a money problem appears, you can log on instantly to your online bank and take care of business. Online bank sites generally carry out and confirm deals at or quicker than ATM processing speeds. Many online banking sites now offer fashionable tools to help you manage all of your valuable items more effectively.

干栏居

    干栏居是一种将房屋用桩柱架离地面的宫室形式。《新唐书·南平獠传》称：“山有毒草、沙风、蝮蛇，人楼居，梯而上，名曰‘干栏’。”《说文》中的“泽中守草楼”也应是干栏形式，与其认为干栏居是巢居的演化，倒不如说干栏居就是巢居的一种较高级形式，并且与楼阁的起源有着密切关系。

    干栏居以下部架空的桩柱或“干栏”得名，但与上部房屋的结构形制并无确定关系，故就整座建筑而言，干栏居并不能算作一种结构类型。

    浙江余姚河姆渡，在距今约7000年前的第四期原始聚落遗址上，发现了现知最早的干栏居遗迹。桩柱可分为圆桩、矩形桩和板桩等，直径或边长在10~20厘米之间，入地60~80厘米。桩柱上用主梁和次梁架起厚约10厘米的地板，一般高出地面80厘米到1米左右，地板以上的房子为“长屋”形式，进深约7米，檐下还有宽约1.1米的室外走廊。

    河姆渡干栏居的“长屋”，是长江流域史前的一种特殊的家族聚居形式，即以家族长辈的房子为中心，左右毗连的小辈房子“一”字形延伸开来。河姆渡干栏居的长度约30米，而属于大汶口文化的安徽尉迟寺长屋遗址长达25间，有80米左右，浙川下王岗长屋遗址竟长达100米左右。此外，成都十二桥发现的干栏居（相当于商代），主体建筑面积在1200平方米以上。

    干栏居也可建于水面上，如湖北蕲春毛家嘴遗址（相当于西周），便是在水塘上立桩架屋的。

    中国古代木构建筑的结构构件结合部位，是一种榫卯的结点构造。梁与柱的交接，是在梁端或柱端做出榫头，有燕尾榫和销钉榫等，较之巢居的绑扎技术迈进了一大步。板之间的连接已用企口技术。这种榫卯构造在蕲春毛家嘴干栏居遗址中用得更为娴熟。榫卯就迄今掌握的材料看，最早发现于河姆渡的干栏居遗构中。

    干栏居及其长屋，广泛地存在于我国南方以及东南亚等古代稻作文化圈中，并一直沿用到近世。从河姆渡遗址中的榫卯构造可以推定，中国古代木构宫室产生的主要源头之一，是在长江流域，这里的宫室建筑以先进的榫卯构造方式，取代了原始的绑扎构造。

（节选自《中华文化通志·建筑志·宫殿建筑》）

若一艘轮船从上海驶往澳门，当它从长江口驶入大海时（   ）

例 ，计算689－98=____689－100=____689－102=____

如图所示，两个质量都是m的小球A、B用轻杆连接后斜放在墙上处于平衡状态．已知墙面光滑，水平地面粗糙．现将A球向上移动一小段距离．两球再次达到平衡，那么将移动后的平衡状态和原来的平衡状态比较，地面对B球的支持力N和轻杆上的压力T的变化情况是（   ）