题干

阅读材料回答:
材料一:在《人权宣言》和《独立宣言》那闪光的大旗面前,大清龙旗显得那么古旧;在近代资产阶级议会面前,军机处已显得那么落伍;而当康熙因《南山集》案震怒之下一道圣旨将作者戴名世凌迟处死,血洗牵连三百多人时,英国国会早已通过某项法律规定国王不得任意废止法律,一举消灭封建专制制度,确立了民主政治。
材料二:1640年的革命和1789年的革命,并不是英国的革命和法国的革命,这是欧洲范围的革命。它们不是社会中某一阶级对旧政治制度的胜利;它们宣告了欧洲新社会的政治制度。资产阶级在这两次革命中获得了胜利;然而,当时资产阶级的胜利意味着新社会制度的胜利,资产阶级所有制对封建所有制的胜利……这两次革命不仅反映了它们本身发生的地区即英法两国的要求,而且在更大得多的程度上反映了当时整个世界的要求。
——《马克思恩格斯全集》第6卷,第125页
请回答:(1)材料一中英国通过的“法在王上”的法律名称是什么?它对英国历史最大的作用是什么?
(2)根据材料二概括指出:“整个世界的要求”是指什么? 早期的英、法、美等国通过哪种方式达到了“整个世界的要求”?
(3)根据材料并结合所学知识,请比较1640年革命和1789年的革命在爆发原因和结果上的相同点。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)《权利法案》作用:标志英国建立了君主立宪制的政体。
(2)要求:建立新的政治制度(资本主义制度);资产阶级革命的方式(革命或战争方式也可)。
(3)原因上:都是扫除资本主义发展的障碍;结果:都成功建立了资本主义制度。

同类题2

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    I have two sons. They are as different as night and day. My youngest is sweet, loveable, easy-going, and finds joy in everything. My oldest we've nicknamed the “Evil Genius” is ambitious, self-confident, and suffers no fools. Whenever we mentioned Santa my husband and I were rewarded with major eye rolling and deep sighs from my oldest. At first we both tried to ignore it.

    We both knew that our eldest had figured out the big secret. But I'd be damned(指责) if he was going to ruin it for his six-year-old brother who had plenty of Santa-loving years ahead of him. I looked at my husband in the eye and said, “I'll handle this.” to which he responded “Okay just be careful because I'm not sure he knows - he might just be acting like it.” But I knew. And I had it in my mind that he was about to break his younger brothers spirit and break the news to him. I was afraid he was going to take the Christmas spirit away from my sweet innocent youngest and stamp all over it. I had to protect him. I needed to control this now before it got out of control. I rushed into the play room where my oldest was playing alone. I looked him dead in the eyes and said: “Well you know Santa isn't real, right?” And as I stared at my eight-year-old son for what seemed like a long time of silence, his eyes started to fill with tears. And a tear dropped down his cheek when he screamed out, “He's not?” “Um well it's not that he's not real (shut up you idiot- stop saying he's not real), but he doesn't really make and deliver all the toys. Dad and I get some of them for you. So he's real. He's just got a little help from us.”

    The Evil Genius wasn't buying it. He just sat there looking at me with an expression of doubt. You know when you make a terrible mistake but you can't stop yourself from making it worse? That was me because I just had to know. I had to know why he had seemed to be over Santa. So I asked him why he rolled his eyes and sighed every time his father and I mentioned Santa, to which he replied that kids at school had been saying Santa wasn't real but that he still thought he was.