下列对文章理解正确的一项是（     ）

阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题

“酷”字口语流行之我见

    读了《对语言污染不能太宽容——从“ku”说起》（本文认为“酷”给人的第一印象是“冷酷，冷峻”与“顶刮刮”“棒”“帅气”不沾边。语言学界对不合规范的用语要坚决“亮黄牌”），有些不同意见，一吐为快。

    当前“酷”字口语的流行，我以为不是偶然的，虽然它和外来语“cool”的音译（省去了“l”）有关，但却是符合我国语文文字的发展规律的，它和开士米（cashmere）、猫步（catwalk)、秀（show）等属同一类语言现象，它比这一类词语更具汉语特色。

    “酷”字原来就一字多义。《现代汉语词典》和《辞海》都指出，它除了“残酷”等含义外，还有“极、甚”的含义。这后一含义并非自今日始。司马迁的《史记》中不仅有《酷吏列传》还有《司马相如传》，其中引用了司马相如的《上林赋》说，“芬芳讴郁，酷烈淑郁”，把浓烈的香气，形容到了极致。现今流行的口语“酷”不过是重新发掘了它的“非常”“顶级”“绝顶”的含义，并不是无源之水。

    根据宁子介先生的研究，“汉字由‘象形字’开端，最终大部分演变成会意字，内涵外衍，意气磅礴，十分逻辑化。”对“酷”字追本溯源，也许能找到它一字多义的演变规律性。

    东汉许慎的《说文解字》说，“酷，酒，厚味也，从本酉，告声。”“酷”的部首“酉” 今天作十二时辰之一解，古汉语则是和酒联系在一起的。“酉，八月黍成可为酿酒, 象古文酉之形，凡酉(酒)之属,皆从酉”（《说文解字》)，酉字篆书写作“酉”象形盛酒之容器,内含八字,其意略为八月收获粮食可酿成美酒。看来“酷”最初大约是用来形容醇酒的香气和味道的，以后衍生出“极、甚”的含义也是顺理成章的。现今流行的口语“酷”虽受外来语的影响，也还是上述含义的延伸罢了。　　

    “酷”字的另一义大约是“声旁”“告”的衍生物。“告”字篆书写作“告” “牛触人，角著横木，所以告人也，从口，从牛”（《说文解字》）。牛撞伤了人，从而发生纠纷，去“告”牛的主人，由此进一步衍生出残酷、冷酷等含义，也是合乎逻辑的。这大约就是宁子介先生所说的“内涵外衍”现象吧。当前“酷”字口语的流行并不会改变这种一字多义的状态，笔者以为不必作忧天之虑。

    对于此类语言现象，即通过外来语的影响，融合汉语字词的某些特点，使字词产生出某种新意，我们应采取什么态度呢？还是周洪波先生说得好，“我们应象对待新事物一样，对新词语抱着积极欢迎的态度，多些理解和宽容，少些大惊小怪”。“新词语用冒了并不可怕，如果语言僵化，词汇贫乏，那才是真正可怕和可悲的呢。”

科学研究证实，物质是由微粒构成的，例如铁是由铁原子构成的。请你填写构成下列物质的具体粒子的名称。
（1）体温计中的汞是由____ 构成的。
（2）用于灭火的二氧化碳是由____ 构成的。
（3）用于配制生理盐水的氯化钠晶体是由____构成的。

    Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

    Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.

    Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.

    “Predicting species' reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.

    The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.

    “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance — for both leafing and flowering — that results from temperature increases,” the study said.

    The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.

    Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

    Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.

    So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.