阅读朱启新的《筷子中的文化》一文，完成下列各题。

    ①古人称筷子为“箸”，这个专称自商代一直沿用至宋末，到了明代才逐渐称“箸”为筷子。如明人陆荣《椒周杂记》载，吴中民间行船时忌说“住”，因箸同“住”音（“住”，慢），所以要把“住”改为“快”，“箸”便叫成“筷子”了。以后，一些读书人也渐称“箸”为“筷”。

    ②用筷历史，已有3000多年，早在商代，纣王已用象（牙）箸。在长期的使用中，根据考古资料提供的信息，既有器形的变化，也有制作质地的不同。

    ③筷子的器形，最初，两头同样粗细。先秦时期乃至汉初的“箸”，都是上下一般粗细，分不出手握的筷头和夹食的筷足。已知最早的铜筷出自云南一墓中，整体圆柱形，长约20多厘米，属春秋晚期。安徽出土的一批东周青铜器中也有铜筷一双，细长方形，残长20.3厘米，宽4毫米。及至宋代，筷子的粗细又有了变化。四川发现的一座宋代窖藏出土的一双铜筷，长24厘米，筷首与筷足，粗细已很分清了。

    ④古代的箸，长短并无定制，约20厘米左右。形体有方有圆，其径一般在0.4厘米左右，最粗不会超过0.6厘米，比今日用筷要细——古人之箸用来夹羹汤中的菜。《礼记•曲礼》说：“羹之有菜者用挟（即“箸”），其无菜者不用挟。”夹羹内的菜，分量不多也不重，不同今日要夹大块食物，或者用劲撕裂食物。箸之细径不碍使用。

    ⑤制箸材料，通常采用竹、木。此外尚有铜、玉、骨、银等。最广泛使用的是竹制和木制。筷子作为我国文化特征之一，源远流长。各地也都有名筷生产，如北京的雕琢玉筷，成都的刻花竹筷，杭州的天竹圆头筷，广州的乌木筷和象牙筷……真是很美。

    ⑥筷子挺直，宁折不曲。唐玄宗李隆基特赐给宰相宋碌一双金筷，以表彰他的秉性耿直如筷。明代程良规的《咏竹箸》诗，写得也很有意思：“殷勤问竹箸，甘苦乐先尝。滋味他人好，尔空来往忙。”此诗语句通俗，热情讴歌了筷子默默为他人奉献的精神。

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    The first robots were invented in the1920s. Since then robots ____ (appear) in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer ____ people.

    In real life, robots are ____ (main) used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.

    Robots also help disabled(残疾的) people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide dog ____ (help) them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dog.

    One kind of robot guide dog has ____ (wheel). It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner ____ (wear) a special belt(带子). This belt sends instructions ____ the owner from the dog, such as "Stop here", "Turn left" or "Turn right".

    In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of ____ (them) in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice. It follows instructions such as "Turn the page" or "Make a cup of coffee".

    Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patient's rooms. It ____ gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory.

     ____ robots can help people in many ways, they will never take the place of humans.

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