下列有关测量的叙述，正确的是（　　）

①小明想测量一个桃子的体积，可以用量筒和水来测量．

②由于测量工具和测量人的不同，误差是难以避免的．

③测量技术现在已经被人们广泛应用于生产生活及科学研究．

④使用温度计测量液体时，温度计的玻璃泡没必要全部浸入被测液体中．

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    I went to a dinner party at a friend's home last weekend and met her five-year-old daughter for the first time. Little Maya was all curly brown hair, dark eyes, and lovely 1 her shiny pink nightgown ( 睡裙) .I wanted to say, “Maya, you're so2!

    Turn around and model that pretty gown for me. You're beautiful!” But I didn't.

    “Maya,” I said,3into her eyes, “it's very nice to meet you.”

    “ Nice to meet you, too.” She said, in that4, talking-to-adults, good girl voice.

    “Hey, what are you reading?” I asked. Her eyes got bigger, and the practiced, polite facial 5gave way to real excitement over this6. But she seemed too7 to answer me.

    “I love books,” I said. “Do you?”

    Most8do.

    “Yes,” she said. “And I can9them all by myself now!”

    “Wow,10!” I said. And it is, for a five-year-old.

    “What's your favourite book?” I asked.

    “I'll go and get it! Can I read it to you?”

    Purplicious was Maya's11, and a new one to me, as she sat next to me and12read aloud every word. Then I told her that I'd just13a book, and that I hoped she'd write one, too, one day. She was crazy14 that idea. We were both sad when Maya had to go to bed,15I told her next time to choose another book and we'd read it.

    Try this the next time you meet a little girl. She may be16and unsure at first, because few people ask her about her17, but be patient and stick with it. Ask her what she's reading. What does she like and dislike, and why? You're just18 an intelligent (明智的) conversation that respects her brain. Tell her about your19 and accomplishments, and your favourite books. Set a good example for her of what a 20woman says and does.

改革是强国之路。面对危机，只有接受变革，国家才有可能生存和发展。请阅读以下材料，回答问题。

材料一：工业革命一旦在某个国家开始，现代化的压力就形成了，迫使与它相邻的所有国家紧紧跟上 ……现代化在动荡中迅猛推进……对被侵略地区而言，问题表现得越来越清楚：它原有的文明难以抵御欧洲国家的入侵……从19世纪中叶开始，现代化跃出欧洲，向亚非大陆推进。——摘编自钱乘旦《世界现代化历程》

材料二：克里米亚的失败对俄罗斯的民族主义者的斯拉夫派来说是一个严重打击，……实际上，这场失败暴露了旧制度的腐败和落后。——斯塔夫•里•阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料三：为了保持俄罗斯的大国地位，沙皇政府着手开始了一项改革计划。 ……社会改革为社会发起的工业化进程铺平了道路，使俄罗斯社会在十九世纪最后十年发生转型。                   ——杰里•齐格勒《新全球史》（第三版）下

材料四：横须贺，位于东京湾入口，日本近代史就是从这里开始的。2003年，这座依山傍水、清秀怡人的小城举行了一次盛大的纪念活动，被纪念的是一位美国将军。……人们很难想象，150年前，正是这位将军用武力迫使日本打开了自己的国门，让这个岛国走上了一段充斥着悲剧和奇迹、混杂着屈服和刚强的历史。——《大国崛起》

材料五：在短短的几十年里，日本就按自己的节奏改变了自身，以前它是个前工业时代的封建社会，到19世纪末，新日本——西方影响和日本传统的混合物——成为一个正在上升的帝国。它很快将成为西方一个可怕的竞争对手。——《全球视野下的西方文明史》

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