题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:董仲舒对儒家思想作了发挥,他宣扬天是万物的主宰,皇帝是天的儿子,即天子,代表天统治人民,因此全国人民都要服从皇帝的统治,诸侯王也要听命于皇帝。这叫做“大一统”。

材料二:黄宗羲在《明夷待访录》中说:“凡天下无地而得安宁者,为君也。是以未得之也,荼毒天下之肝脑,离散天下之子女,以博我一人之产业,曾不惨然,曰:‘我固为子孙创业也。’其既得之也,敲剥天下之骨髓,离散天下之子女,以奉我一人之淫乐,视为当然,曰:此我产业之花息也。然则,为天下之大害者,君而已矣。”

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    Sitting on the sofa in her family's Michigan home in 2009, looking through the Guinness World Records, 10 year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. “I can beat that,” she declared. “For Dad. ” And she had every reason to believe she could.

    A natural athlete since the age of 5, Winter had been running together with her mom and uncle, both athletes, and competing in races across the country. Soon, her name was appearing in national competitions. Trophies (奖牌) lined her walls.

    But in 2008, at the age of 9, Winter stopped racing for medals. In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. Just 10 months after his diagnosis, her father passed away.

    Over the next three years, Winter came first in 20 of the 37 races in which she competed, including four Junior Olympics Cross Country Championships. Along the way, she raised over $ 400,000 to help find a cure for cancer.

    Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to win her cause a place in the Guinness World Records. She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene, Oregon, a race normally limited to runners over 16, finishing in an amazing 3:45:04. “I'm used to racing with adults, and I think it's kind of fun to race past them,” said Winter before the race.

    With six continents to go, Winter has just begun a journey that will take her two years. “Every time I step to a starting line,” Winter says, “I have one thought in mind: keeping my dad's spirit alive.”