①意为悲伤;悲痛。____

②忧愁悲伤。____

③太阳和月亮像穿梭一样地来去。形容时间过得很快。____

④受到的启发或益处很大。____

实验室用加热高锰酸钾的方法制取氧气，并用排水法收集，主要有以下步骤：①将药品装入试管，在试管口塞一团棉花后，用带导管的橡皮塞塞紧试管口；②检查装置的气密性；③给试管加热，④将装置固定在铁架台上；⑤熄灭酒精灯；⑥收集气体；⑦将导管从水槽中取出．正确的操作顺序是

    It's Sunday. Children don't go to school on Sundays. But Kate gets up early in the morning. “It's my birthday. I'm eight years old today.” she thinks, “Where are Dad and Mum? I want to know what they can give me for my birthday.”

    Her father and mother are not at home. They are going shopping. And now they are talking about what to buy for Kate.

—Dad: How about the doll? It looks nice. I think Kate would like the doll.

—Mom: I don't think so. She is not a little girl. I think she likes a new dress. Girls often like new dresses very much.

—Dad: But she has a few new dresses and some new blouses. Oh, I think she must be very happy to have a box of colorful pencils and some picture books. Do you think so?

— Mom: Yes. Let's go over there and buy them.

阅读下列材料：

材料一  乾隆、嘉庆年间（1736年﹣1820年），南京城绸、绒各类织机多达三万台左右，至道光年间（1821年﹣1850年），城内仅缎机就达三万台以上，纱、绸、绒、绫织机不在此数．此类手工业基本是以个体家庭或小作坊为主，它的发展又推动着城市商业走向繁荣．    ﹣﹣摘编自陈忠平《明清时期南京城市的发展与演变》

材料二  水力和蒸汽力的应用，工厂制度的确立，大大促进了棉纺织业的发展．1786年时曼彻斯特只耸立一个阿克莱特纱厂的烟囱，但在十五年后，却有50个纱厂了．1760年时，曼彻斯特人口不足10万，1851年时人口超过30万，成为当时世界上最大的棉纺织业城市．                             ﹣﹣摘编自《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》

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