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    Do you and your friends ever talk about your dreams with each other? If you do, you might have noticed something interesting – some of your friends seldom remember their dreams, but some can always describe their dreams so clearly that it seems like they're describing things that really happened to them. What makes those people different?

    The answer is simple. There are two different types of dreamers – low dream recallers(回忆者)and high dream recallers.

    Low dream recallers usually remember their dreams only twice a month. But high dream recallers are able to remember them about five mornings a week. And a new study suggests that activity in a certain part of the brain could have something to do with it, reported The Huffington Post.

    Perrine Ruby, a French researcher at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, studied 41 people (21 high dream recallers and 20 low dream recallers) and recorded their brain activity.

    She found that a part of the brain called the temporo-parietal junction (颞顶联合区) was more active in high dream recallers than in low dream recallers – both when they were sleeping and awake.

    This brain area collects and processes(编程)information from the outside world. This means that high dream recallers know more about what's happening around them. For example, when they are awake, they respond (对……有反应) more strongly to hearing their own names, and when they are sleeping, they are woken more easily by sounds and movements.

    By closely studying people's brain activities, Ruby found that high dream recallers have twice as much “wakefulness time” during sleep as low dream recallers do. And it is during these short times of wakefulness that the brain remembers dreams.

    “The sleeping brain is not able to remember new information,” Ruby told The Washington Post. “It needs to wake up to be able to do that.”

    This is not hard to understand. Just try to think of your own sleeping experiences. If you are worried during the night, you are more likely to remember your dreams, but if you sleep well, you will remember little in the morning, and this is because “you never get a chance to remember”, Robert Stickgold, a Harvard Medical School researcher, told The Washington Post.

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    细菌和病毒都是可以致病的微生物,但它们的特征区别很大。细菌虽然小,要在光学显微镜下才能看得见,但它除了拥有生命的基本单位核酸之外,还有一大套赖以生存的配套设施。包括作为居住“公馆”的细胞壁,储存营养物质的“仓库”,以及进行新陈代谢的“化工车间”。依靠这些,细菌能够摄取外界的物质并加工成需要的能量。

    而病毒就更小了,也可怜得多,且不奢谈“库房”和“车间”,就连作为保护外壳的“茅草房”也没有。实际上它只有一个分子大小,用电子显微镜才能看得见。整个家当也只是一条表示生命的核酸而已。如果拿人来做比喻,细菌最起码也有条裤子,有只讨饭碗,有根打狗棒。所以细菌虽然必须在人体内部的良好环境中才能繁殖,但处在恶劣环境中仍能生存较长的一段时间。而病毒则像个刚出生的婴儿,除了它的生命和一张吃奶的嘴外便一无所有,毫无独立生存的能力。因而病毒只能寄生在人或动物的细胞内部,靠“窃取”细胞里的现成营养才能生存。一旦被排出体外,病毒就活不了几小时。

    大部分抗生素对细菌起作用,是因为抗生素可以抑制细胞繁殖,干扰它们形成新的遗传结构或者细胞壁。而正因为病毒只能寄生在别人的细胞内,自己不能完成这些生化反应,所以抗生素对病毒全无作用。病毒的生存能力既然这么弱,为什么还会那样猖獗呢?例如埃博拉的感染力极强,病死率可达80%。实际上大多数病毒远没有那么可怕,有的也不会使人得病。冠状病毒本来致病的能力并不强,问题在于“变种”上。变异的病毒和原来的不同了,它可能是无害的,但也可能变成“杀伤力”更大的病毒。然而我们不必担心它会因反复变异而使杀伤力次第增大。因为就杀伤力而言,变异就像赌博,总是有输有赢,不断地赢下去的几率是微乎其微的。至少有史以来还没有过这样的记录。如果有过,可能现在就没有我们的存在了。

    必须指出的是杀伤力的大小不仅取决于病毒一方,更重要的是人群的免疫力。变种冠状病毒之所以为患甚大,很重要的一个因素是人类还没有接触过这样变种后的新病毒。当人群有足够多的人产生了抗体之后,这种病毒对人类的威胁也就小得多了。