题干

世界陆地上最大的断裂带是 ____  ,位于 ____ 洲.

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东非大裂谷,非

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       ①人占了理,讲起话来自然底气充盈,往往不给对方留一点余地和情面。殊不知,以这样的态度讲话,常常损人颜面;以这样的态度为人,往往失了君子风范。所以,理直也不必气壮,不妨豁达一些,心平气和地说话,待人。如此一来,既不伤人心,又不失人情,最终使人心服口服,从心底里感激和敬重你,岂不更好?

       ②东吴丞相顾雍,早年遭奸臣吕壹的陷害。后来吕壹罪行暴露,被捕下狱,恰逢顾雍受命审理他。此时吕壹穿一身囚服,再无昔日风光。照理说,顾雍面对曾经迫害自己的小人,是有充足理由和底气对其嘲弄一番的。然而,他没有那样做,而是像对待平常人一样和颜悦色的与之交谈。临走时,顾雍再一次问他:“你的意愿都表达清楚了吗?还有什么要说的吗?”吕壹感动得只是叩头谢罪,无话可说。此时,站在一旁的尚书郎怀叙可没有顾雍那般客气,忍不住怒气冲冲地辱骂起吕壹来。顾雍回过头来责备道:“国家有法律惩罚他,何必这样骂人呢。”足见一代名相的气度和境界。

       ③当一个人占理的时候,据理力争,讨回公道,固然无错。但这并不能成为不顾及别人尊严,恣意教训、奚落他人的理由。试想,当别人得势时,你敢怒不敢言,唯唯诺诺;别人一旦落魄,你便指东道西,不依不饶,看似理直气壮,实际与小人又有何区别?落井下石非君子,幸灾乐祸真小人。

       ④据说,周作人家里以前有个雇工,负责采购之类的杂活儿,有爱贪小便宜的毛病。当时用钱,要把银元换成铜币,时价是一块银元换460铜币。很少理财的周作人一次与同事聊天时偶然谈及此事,坚持认为一块银元能换300多铜币,并说自家雇工一向就这样对他讲的,同事笑他受了骗。后来,他回去经过一番调查,发现事情果真如此。于是,一天晚饭后,周作人把那个雇工唤来,委婉和气地说:“因为家道不济,没有许多事做,你还是另谋高就吧。”对方做了亏心事,自然心虚,当即苦苦求饶。周先生见了,心一软,说“唉,刚才的话就当没说,不要在意,要是想留下就留下吧,以后改掉便是了。”后来,那个雇工彻底改掉了毛病,与周作人一家相处甚洽。

       ⑤得理时,讲话的最终目的是明是非,道善恶,是要让对方心服口服,进而改正错误,而非以理压人,制人。倘若不依不饶,恶语相待,即使你再占理,也会令理亏之人觉得你是在以理压人。所以,周先生理直气不壮,和和气气,点到为止,处处为对方着想,并且给了他一次重新做人的机会,最终使其改邪归正。胸襟博大,厚德载物,这般君子气度,如何能不令人敬重、信服?

       ⑥所以说,君子理直气不壮,理直气和,润物无声,才是为人处世、化解纷争的至高境界。

(选自2012年2月24日《京郊时报》)

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       When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe “more is better.” But what they do not realize is that overtreatment—too many scans, too many blood tests, too many procedures—may bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing, some of which may be invasive, or to treatment for things that should be left alone.

       Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener's disease, an uncommon disorder of the immune system, they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a cold.   She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care.

       After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. “It's a really hard thing to determine when they've crossed the line,” Mr. Power said. “You think she's getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?” Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new specialist to oversee Mrs. Power's care. Under the new doctor's care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power's condition stabilized. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.