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    ①范仲淹,字希文,少有志操。之应天府,依戚同文学。昼夜不息,冬月惫甚,以水沃面;食不给,至以糜粥继之。人不能堪,仲淹不苦也。晏殊知应天府,闻仲淹名,召置府学。仲淹尝分其俸以食四方游士,诸子至于易衣而出,仲淹晏如也。

    ②天圣七年,章献太后将以冬至受朝,天子率百官上寿。仲淹极言之,且曰:“奉亲于内,自有家人礼,顾与百官同列,南面而朝之,不可为后世法。”且上请太后还政,不报。

    ③时吕夷简执政,进用者多出其门。仲淹上《百官图》,指其次第曰:“如此为序迁,如此为不次,如此则公,如此则私。况进退近臣,凡超格者,不宜全委之宰相。”夷简不悦。

    ④葛怀敏败于定川贼大掠至潘原关中震恐民多窜山谷间仲淹率众六千由邠泾援之闻贼已出塞乃还。始,定川事闻,帝按图谓左右曰:“若仲淹出援,吾无忧矣。”奏至,帝大喜曰:“吾固知仲淹可用也。”进枢密直学士。仲淹以军出无功,辞不敢受命,诏不听。

    ⑤帝方锐意太平,数问当世事,仲淹皇恐,退而上十事。天子方信向仲淹,悉采用之,宜著令者,皆以诏书画一颁下。

    ⑥仲淹内刚外和,性至孝,以母在时方贫,其后虽贵,非宾客不重肉。妻子衣食,仅能自充。而好施予,置义庄里中,以赡族人。爱乐善,士多出其门下,虽里巷之人,皆能道其名字。死之日,四方闻者,皆为叹息。为政尚忠厚,所至有恩,邠、庆二州之民与属羌,皆画像立生祠事之。及其也,羌酋以数百人,哭之如父,斋三日而去。

    ⑦初,仲淹病,帝常遣使赐药存问,既卒,嗟悼久之。又遣使就问其家,既葬,帝亲书其碑曰“褒贤之碑”,文正。

(节选自《宋史·范仲淹传》)

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    Tanzania(坦桑尼亚)is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus(角马), lions, cheetahs(猎豹, elephants, giraffes, crocodiles and so on. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel?

    By bus—This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all, but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What are they used for? Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos. We know that people are most interested in the lions. So when two buses meet, the drivers will stop and ask each other whether they have found lions.

    By boat—We can often see many people are in a boat, enjoying the beautiful scene along a river of a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos(河马)and crocodiles from a nearer distance.

    By hot balloon(热气球)—In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot balloon makes most of the travelers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot balloon is also very high. A person should pay 400 dollars for an hour's trip.