二次函数y=2（x﹣1）²+3的图象的顶点坐标是____ .

20世纪的战争与和平

材料：1953年入主白宫的美国总统艾森豪威尔，上台前猛烈攻击遏制战略，指责它使美国耗费了大量金钱，却不能取得应有的胜利。他上台后便立即着手制定美国的新战略。随后，艾森豪威尔批准了国家安全委员会第162号文件──“国家安全基本政策”，称为“新面貌”文件。文件认为苏联的威胁主要表现在其强大的军事力量、对西方自由世界的敌视及对亚非拉国家的渗透和颠覆上。“新面貌”战略坚持了艾森豪威尔的“大平衡”思想，提出“应付苏联对美国安全的威胁，在这样做的同时，避免严重削弱美国经济或损害我们的基本价值和制度”。在缩减军费的情况下，为最大限度地满足军方的要求，文件强调“以进攻性打击力量实施大规模报复性破坏的能力”，要在核武器的数、质量上都保持对苏联的优势．不过在苏联已拥有核武器的情况下，美国统治集团认识到了进行核威慑的局限性，因此强调在裁减常备军的同时，加强后备力量建设。文件承认美国的联盟政策面临着种种问题，最使美国担心的是“西欧越来越不愿追随美国的领导”。因此文件强调使盟国相信“美国的安全战略是集体安全战略．联盟必须扎根于对利益共同体的强烈信念，并坚信美国领导的稳定性和明智性”。另外，艾森豪威尔政府对心理战可谓情有独钟，它不仅设立了隶属于白宫的心理作战局，还把这种颠覆手段引为“新面貌”战略的重要组成部分。

──陈思、杜正艾《两霸争雄：美苏冷战及后冷战时代》

下列①②③④处河岸中，冲刷严重的是(箭头表示水流方向)

    In the study, last year, ⑵over .20,000 students who were in their final year in high school were surveyed. The number of girls considering university courses in STEM subjects has been larger than that of boys. Over a fifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering related jobs, such as engineering and technology. Interest has also risen in mechanical (机械学的) engineering, electrical engineering and the sciences.

    ⑶对于英国的妇女，这是一个重要的改变。In the past, there were not nearly as many women as men studying STEM subjects or working in STEM related fields. Only 13% of people who graduated from university with STEM degrees were women. Now, there are about 22%. ⑷In the past, only one eight of the STEM jobs were held by women. This was partly because of the stereotype (刻板印象) that men are more suited to this work than women. Now it has been changed. Over 20% of the engineers are women in the UK.

    In fact, STEM subjects are fun and exciting. Studying science can benefit (使……受益) girls. “It opens girls up to fascinating careers,” Niki Yates, manager of GSK's UK Business, told The Daily Telegraph. She says ⑸it is important to encourage young women to do these jobs. They will receive higher pay in these areas. More women in work also helps the economy grow.

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