Before discussing different kinds of emotions,let us briefly talk about how researchers measure bodily processes and action or behavior,and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in others.

    Bodily processes can be directly measured by means of a polygraph.When a polygraph is skillfully used to compare how we react bodily with what we are saying,it is called a “lie detector”.Bodily processes can also be measured indirectly.This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (脸红).However,we are not always aware of what bodily processes respond to.

    Measuring action or behavior is the other way researchers assess the emotions.For example,one measure of fear of snakes is how close a person will go to the snake.Another procedure is to have a person tell how afraid he is,or how he feels.In this way,researchers have developed the so－called “fear thermometer” to assess a person's fear.In our everyday living,we do very much the same thing.Only not too systematically,we react to what a person does, what he says,how he says it,and how he looks.Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this observations together to infer what a person is feeling.

    However, we do not always act as we feel.Sometimes we do things that we don't feel like doing.Sometimes we say we feel one way and then we act another.Actors,for example,successfully learn to “make believe” emotions,or learn to hide them.Thus we cannot always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does.

阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

    “宵”本义为夜晚，是一个的形声字，声旁为“肖”，形旁为“宀”。“宀”表意，它在甲骨文中写作 ，像房屋，表示入夜后人多在屋内。

    元宵节是______节日。它原本叫“上元节”，由于这一天最重要的活动都在晚上，所以人们更加习惯用“元宵”来代替“上元”，表示“上元节的晚上”。元宵之夜，人们会食用象征团圆的“圆子”，因此这种食品也被称为“元宵”。据说袁世凯当上中华民国的“大总统”之后，一天听到北京城里大街小巷到处都在叫卖元宵，不由“怒发冲冠”，认为“元宵”与“袁消”谐音，很不吉利，于是下令将元宵统统改名为“汤圆”。但是这位短命皇帝不久便驾鹤西去，“元宵”的名称却没有因他而消失，直到今天大家还都这样叫着。

    和“宵”字形相近的有“霄”。只要把握住它们形与义之间的关系，识记和区分这两个字就不是难事。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

    Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.

    Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.

    Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it .

    Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.

    However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.

    A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces  for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.

    So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!