戈尔巴乔夫在政治改革中宣扬“人道的、民主的社会主义”,倡导“公开化”和“民主性”。在这一思想指导下的苏联改革(  )

植物体细胞在生长过程中，液泡的变化是（）

阅读文段，回答问题。

      因为知用中学的先生们希望我来演讲一回，所以今天到这里和诸君相见。不过我也没有什么东西可讲。忽而想到学校是读书的所在，就随便谈谈读书。是我个人的意见，姑且供诸君的参考，其实也算不得什么演讲。 

      说到读书，似乎是很明白的事，只要拿书来读就是了，但是并不这样简单。至少，就有两种：一是职业的读书，一走嗜好的读书。所谓职业的读书者，譬如学生因为升学，教员因为要讲功课，不翻翻书，就有些危险的就是。我想在座的诸君之中一定有些这样的经验，有的不喜欢算学，有的不喜欢博物，然而不得不学，否则，不能毕业，不能升学，和将来的生计便有妨碍了。我自己也这样，因为做教员，有时即非看不喜欢看的书不可，要不这样，怕不久便会于饭碗有妨。我们习惯了，一说起读书，就觉得是高尚的事情，其实这样的读书，和木匠的磨斧头，裁缝的理针线并没有什么分别，并不见得高尚，有时还很苦痛，很可怜。你爱做的事，偏不给你做，你不爱做的，倒非做不可。这是由于职业和嗜好不能合一而来的。倘能够大家去做爱做的事，而仍然各有饭吃，那是多么幸福。但现在的社会上还做不到，  所以读书的人们的最大部分，大概是勉勉强强的，带着苦痛的为职业的读书。 

    Do you look like your name? Scientists say there's a good chance you do.

This comes from a new study published in a magazine. Researchers from Israel found that our given names may have something to do with our facial (面部的) appearances.

    Lead writer Yonat Zwebner of a university, along with her team, did eight different experiments (实验) in Israel and France. The different experiments were set up to answer two main questions: whether people can correctly guess a person's name based only on a photo of a face and what is behind this matching effect.

    During the experiments, researchers asked students to look at photos of people's faces and guess each person's name from a list of four choices. They correctly guessed the right name 38 percent of the time, which was better than the 25 percent of a random (随机的) guess.

    What's more, when the faces the students looked at came from within their own country, they were able to best match the faces to the names. French students were better at matching only French names and faces while Israeli students were better at matching only Hebrew names and Israeli faces.

    Researchers believe it is possible that people change their appearances without paying attention to it, to match their names. One study especially backed up this idea, showing that a hairstyle, something that can be changed by people easily, was enough to guide others in correctly guessing their names.

    “Earlier research has shown there are cultural stereotypes (偏见) carried by names, including how someone should look. For example, people are more likely to imagine a person named Bob to have a rounder face than a person named Tim. We believe these stereotypes can, over time, influence people's facial appearances,” Zwebner said.

    The results of the experiments may even make parents think twice when choosing a name for their children.

    “If a name can influence appearance, it can influence many other things. This research opens an important direction that may suggest how parents should consider better the names for their children,” said Zwebner, who recently had a baby herself.

    “As parents, it was really difficult for us to name our 12-day-old daughter as we know the meanings of names.”