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    One day, I took an underground to work, I saw something that made me very sad. On the tube (underground in London), a mother kept looking at her phone screen and playing a game with her daughter sitting beside her. The little girl, about 5 years old, was talking to her mother about herday, repeating the next stop's name cheerfully, praising her mother's long nails—trying to draw her mother's attention. Her mother just nodded and mumbled "Mm, hm" with her eyes glued to the screen, busy passing the levels of the game. I watched the girl give a final try to at least get her mum to look at her, but it was no use. Then the little girl turned silent. It was a shame the mother didn't notice that.

    It broke my heart and got me wondering—what kind of game would make the mother forget she has the most beautiful thing in the world, the human she created, the person she loves with all her heart? What it meant when she couldn't look into her daughter's eyes and even stop to listen to the girl?

    Some parents are almost like the teenagers, always on their phones with mindless games or going through Facebook. Perhaps parents have many things to deal with, but sometimes they are everything to their kids.

    This is not an isolated example. I've seen too many such examples. I might not be a parent myself, and probably still have a long way before becoming one, but I know what I saw isn't right.

    The scene used to be seen among teenagers very often when parents complained how their children were crazy about their mobile phones. Look how the situation has changed! The parents have become "technology slaves", that is to say, they can't control themselves while using mobile phones.  Now some middle-aged parents hold the best iPhones or Samsung phones, which are probably the only two brands they know. They are playing the simple games with so expensive mobile phones. I'm uncertain whether to laugh or to cry. But my hope is that this storm passes.

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阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:改革初期,中国领导人把前20年(1957~1977年)经济发展的失败归咎于当时思想激进的“左”倾经济战略和政策,因此改革最初目标是“计划经济为主,市场调节为辅”,以完善计划经济管理体制。1984年党的十二届三中全会通过“关于经济体制改革的决定”,提出要发展“以公有制为基础的有计划的商品经济”,“坚持多种经济形式和经营方式的共同发展”,还首次明确把对外开放作为长期的基本国策。这标志着中国全面和系统地推进经济体制改革,以农村改革为重点转向以城市改革为重点;同时也标志着中国领导人关于中国经济体制改革的理念、理论以及目标模式有了重大的突破。这也为1982年党的十四大提出建立社会主义市场经济体制改革目标提供了一个中间过渡模式,到90年代初,已经形成“国家调节市场,市场引导企业”的新机制。这就为90年代初建立“社会主义市场经济体制”奠定了基础,不仅脱离计划经济体制,而且引入市场经济机制。中国经济体制改革实际上并没有宏大的预先设计,而是“摸着石头过河”,一步步铺就了转向社会主义市场经济体制的轨道。

——摘编自胡鞍钢《邓小平时代——中国改革开放》

材料二:二战中,国家干预保障了英国社会经济稳定,人民营养平均水平甚至还有提高,国家干预在英国人头脑中扎了根。1945年,“社会主义”政党工党执政,他们颁布《国民保险法》《国民医疗服务法》,实行银行、交通、能源等部门的国有化。保守党执政后也奉行相应政策,国有企业和私有企业并存,国家“计划”引导和市场自由竞争结合。但是,60年代下半叶开始,出现日益严重的“英国病”,即一方面发展停滞,另一方面物价飞涨。70年代经济不断下滑,失业增加,罢工浪潮活跃。1979年,保守党撒切尔夫人上台,采取货币主义思想,开始大刀阔斧改革,一是私有化,将许多国有企业出售给私人;二是严格控制货币发行量,抑制通货膨胀;三是削减各种福利开支,减少政府补贴;四是打击工会力量,限制罢工。在经历短暂的低谷后,英国80年代经济增长率超过了欧美平均水平,失业率持续下降,保守党连续执政达十八年。

——摘编自钱乘旦、许洁明《英国通史》